Small actions also contribute to a circular economy

The circular economy is a production and consumption model that involves sharing, renting, reusing, repairing, renewing, and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. It aims to address global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste management, and pollution. It is defined in contrast to the traditional linear economy.

It is a strategy that aims to reduce both the entry of virgin materials and waste production, closing resourcing economic and ecological flows. The analysis of physical resource flows comes from the industrial ecology school of thought, in which material flows are of two types: biological nutrients, designed to be reintroduced into the biosphere without technical incidents, and nutrients, which are designed to circulate with high quality in the production system but do not return to the biosphere.

Currently, in the pet food market, there is a wide variety of pet food seeking to meet nutritional needs. We see on the store shelves food for young, adult, old, sporting, sedentary, large, or small breed animals, and the like. This variety of foods supports a circular economy, as they provide a precise nutrient supply without excess. There is no waste of nutrients on the part of the pet.

Pet food production has different stages:

• Raw material selection.
• Feed formulation.
• Food Manufacturing.
• Handling of finished food.

Many of these production stages are already part of a circular economy. Let's reflect on the food formula. The objective of formulating a balanced pet food, or 'pet food,' is, first of all, to meet the nutritional requirements of dogs or cats. Nutrition is not in conflict with the circular economy, and it is possible to contribute through pet diets in different ways.

Pet food has been using by-products and secondary products from the food industry processing for a long time and is always looking for new windows of opportunity.

Let's talk, for example, about the sources of fatty acids, particularly omega-3. There are sources of both animal and plant origin, for instance, flaxseed is an excellent source of omega-3 (C:18:3), and this metabolite must be converted into DHA (C22:6) to meet the needs, but unfortunately, the dog or cat is inefficient in this process. Due to the above, it is common for pet food manufacturers to resort to other sources rich in omega 3-DHA to be added directly to the food, and the traditional sources are of marine origin, the so-called oily fish. This source of DHA can be a fish meal or fish extraction, but this requires large-scale ocean fishing and, therefore, makes it an unclean, inconsistent, and unsustainable source. It does not contribute as a circular economy resource. However, there are other sources of DHA based on seaweed as an alternative that are manufactured industrially without compromising the flora and fauna of the oceans and, in addition, are more consistent and sustainable. This source can contribute to a pet food strategy committed to the circular economy.

In my previous article, 'How do you design a feed formula', I talked about the importance of raw material selection in the design of a premix. This contains nutrients that are added in very small quantities to the total diet of the food, and speaking of raw materials of the premix, there are different sources of trace minerals. Some of them, due to their high bioavailability, become an alternative to contribute to the circular economy. For example, as seen in Table 1, organic, or hydroxy, sources of trace minerals have greater bioavailability of the nutrient in question, for example, zinc from a hydroxy-zinc source can be twice as bioavailable as a zinc oxide source (217.9%). That is to say, if we use a hydroxyzine source, a smaller amount of the raw material will be required to cover the zinc requirement than if a zinc oxide source were used.

Table 1. RBV: Relative Bioavailability Value of a Hydroxy-mineral vs. an Inorganic or organic one.

On the other hand, a hydroxy source also has an environmental impact, as seen in Graph 1. An inorganic source of Cu produces a greater number of metals in salts soluble in aqueous media, which makes it a less environmentally friendly mineral source. Small contributions help pet food contribute to a circular economy. Although a trace mineral is at levels of parts per million (ppm) within the balanced feed, and at this level of inclusion, it would seem insignificant, in the end, it is adding to the efforts of a circular economy.

Graph 1. Leachable copper level with different copper sources

Finally, the production and management of balanced feed must have a plan of good manufacturing practices to minimize waste, operating costs, and capital investments.

The circular economy is a strategy for sustainability that seeks to reduce the consumption of natural resources and the production of waste, closing material flows. The circular economy has economic, social, and environmental benefits.

Source: All Pet Food Magazine