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Black Soldier Fly Larva Meal: A Sustainable and Functional Protein Source for Pet Food
Proteins

7+ MIN

Black Soldier Fly Larva Meal: A Sustainable and Functional Protein Source for Pet Food

By Josiane Volpato

A New Scenario for Proteins in the Pet Food Industry   In this scenario, the pet food industry has been looking for alternatives that simultaneously meet nutritional, technological, and environmental requirements, promoting innovation without compromising the quality of the final products.
  Among the main trends, the partial or total replacement of traditional protein sources, such as poultry viscera meals, meat and bone meal, fish meal, and soybean meal, with more sustainable ingredients with less environmental impact stands out. In this context, black soldier fly larva meal (Hermetia illucens or BSF) has gained prominence as a promising solution to the current challenges of the production chain.
  The production of this ingredient is directly related to the ability of the larvae to convert organic waste into biomass of high nutritional value. This process, known as bioconversion, allows the use of agro-industrial by-products, reducing waste and contributing to circular economy models. In this way, BSF flour not only meets nutritional demands but is also part of a broader sustainability strategy in the pet food sector.
  From a nutritional point of view, BSF flour has a variable protein content, usually between 35% and 60%, depending on the substrate used in the larvae and the industrial processing applied. Although this content is considered intermediate compared to some conventional sources, the ingredient stands out for the quality of its protein and amino acid profile, suitable for the nutritional requirements of dogs and cats.
  In addition, BSF flour has a high lipid content, especially lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid associated with antimicrobial properties and potential benefits to intestinal health. This differentiated lipid composition can contribute not only to the energy value of diets but also to important functional effects in the animals' bodies.     Recent studies also indicate additional benefits associated with the use of BSF flour in extruded diets, including improvements in skin integrity, coat quality, and antioxidant response. These effects are possibly related to the presence of bioactive compounds and the quality of the nutrients present in the ingredient.
  Another relevant point is the presence of minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, at significant levels, as well as essential amino acids, e.g., methionine and tyrosine. The higher concentration of tyrosine, in particular, has been highlighted as a differential of BSF flour, reinforcing its nutritional potential in complete formulations.
  In addition, BSF flour contains compounds with potential prebiotic and antibacterial action, which can contribute to the modulation of gut microbiota and the maintenance of digestive health. This set of characteristics makes the ingredient attractive not only as a source of protein but also as a functional component in diets for dogs and cats.
  Because it is an alternative protein and still little used on a large scale, BSF flour also has potential application in hypoallergenic diets, being an interesting option for animals with food sensitivities to conventional proteins, such as chicken, beef or soy.   Digestibility: The Critical Point of Formulation for a Sustainable Future in Pet Food   Digestibility is one of the main criteria for evaluating the quality of new ingredients in animal nutrition. In this aspect, BSF flour presents consistent results, with protein digestibility coefficients similar to those observed in diets formulated with traditional ingredients.
  Studies indicate that inclusion levels ranging from 5% to 20% result in apparent protein digestibility of 83% to 84%, values compatible with those observed in conventional diets. These results demonstrate that the ingredient is efficiently used by the animals' bodies, without compromising fecal quality.
  In addition to the protein fraction, the lipid digestibility of BSF flour is also noteworthy, being frequently high due to the presence of medium-chain fatty acids, which are easier to digest and absorb when compared to long-chain fatty acids.
  The presence of chitin, a structural polysaccharide in the exoskeleton of larvae, represents another important aspect from a nutritional point of view. Chitin can act as a functional fiber, contributing to the modulation of the gut microbiota and the formation of stools with better consistency. However, its effect depends directly on the level of inclusion and processing of the ingredient, and can, at high concentrations, interfere with the digestibility of nutrients.
  Thus, the use of BSF flour requires an adequate balance in the formulation of diets, in order to maximize its functional benefits without compromising nutritional use.     Palatability and Acceptance by Animals    Another determining factor for the practical application of the ingredient is palatability. The acceptance of food by animals is one of the main indicators of commercial success, especially in diets for cats, which have more selective feeding behavior.
  In general, the inclusion of BSF flour does not compromise the intake, and good acceptance is observed in both dogs and cats. However, studies indicate that this factor is strongly dependent on the level of inclusion.
  Lower levels of substitution, such as 3%, maintain intake similar to the control diet and may even stimulate the animals' initial interest in the food. On the other hand, higher levels, such as 6%, tend to reduce intake and preference. This effect may be associated with the lipid composition of the larvae, especially the higher content of medium-chain fatty acids, which can influence the sensory perception of food.
  Thus, the definition of the appropriate level of inclusion is essential to ensure the acceptance of the final product, with moderate inclusion being the most suitable strategy for commercial formulations.
  In addition to the nutritional and functional aspects, BSF flour has significant environmental advantages when compared to traditional protein sources. Its production requires less use of natural resources, such as water and agricultural areas, in addition to resulting in lower greenhouse gas emissions.
  The ability of larvae to convert organic waste into high-value protein allows the use of by-products that would otherwise be discarded, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact of the production chain.
  Another important point is production efficiency. Insect farming has better feed conversion and lower need for inputs when compared to conventional livestock, making it a viable alternative for more sustainable production systems.
  This set of characteristics positions BSF flour as an ingredient in line with the main global trends in the pet food industry, which seeks to integrate nutritional performance, innovation, and environmental responsibility.
  In conclusion, black soldier fly larva meal consolidates as a strategic ingredient for the pet food industry, bringing together nutritional quality, functionality, and environmental benefits. Its use allows the development of more sustainable diets without compromising digestibility, fecal quality, or acceptance by animals, representing a promising solution for the future of dog and cat nutrition. By Bruna Cavalari Santello; Laura Cicília Cassol da Silva; Douglas Melo de Souza; Lorenna Nicole Araújo Santos; Josiane Aparecida Volpato
Source: All Pet Food Magazine
  References
ABD EL-WAHAB, A.; et al. Insect larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) as a sustainable protein source of canine food and its impacts on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality. Animals, Basel, v. 11, n. 9, p. 2525, 2021. BOSCH, G.; VERVOORT, J. J. M.; HENDRIKS, W. H. In vitro digestibility and fermentability of selected insects for dog foods. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.221, p.174–184, 2016.  CARDOSO, R. K. N. FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA (UFBA). Nutritional evaluation of black soldier fly larva meal in extruded diets for dogs and effect on intestinal health. Salvador: Repositório da UFBA, 20 (thesis/dissertation). 2 Jul. 2024. CARVALHO, L. C.; et al. Possible use of insect meal in the diet of dogs and cats. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias-UFMG, 2016. DE ANDRADE, G. C.; et al. Alternative foods for the formulation of diets for dogs and cats. Animal Science, v. 35, n. 2, p. 45-56, 2025. FREEL, T. A.; MCCOMB, A.; KOUTSOS, E. A. Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae meal and black soldier fly larvae oil in dogs. Journal of Animal Science, v. 99, n.3, 15 fev. 2021. GONÇALVES, C. A.; RIBEIRO, G. B.; AFONSO, M. V. R. Assessment of population knowledge about breeding and management of dogs and cats. Veterinária Notícias (Online), v.1, n.1, p.1-11, 2022. KWAKERNAAK, C.; et al. Apparent nutrient digestibility, metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of commercial partially defatted Hermetia illucens meal for laying hens. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, p. 1–12, 8 dez. 2023. LAYNE, C.A. My dog is in teletherapy with me: The impact of a pet dog on their owner's teletherapy session, 2023. 154p. (Tese de Doutorado em Community Care and Counseling). Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, 2023. Liu, X.; et al. Dynamic changes of nutrient composition throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly. PLOS ONE, v. 12, n. 8, e0182601, 2017. Lu, S.; et al. 'Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) and Its Potential Uses as Alternative Protein Sources in Animal Diets: A Review.' Insects vol. 13,9 831. 13 Sep. 2022. VALDÉS, F. V.; et al. Insects as Feed for Companion and Exotic Pets: A Current Trend. Animals, v. 12, n. 11, p. 1450, 3 jun. 2022. Hyuck Kim, et al. Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae reared on different organic substrates on nutrient digestibility and palatability in cats. J Anim Sci Technol 2025; 67(2):477-488.
PENAZZI, L.; et al. In vivo and in vitro Digestibility of an Extruded Complete Dog Food Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Protein Source. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, v. 8, 11 jun. 2021.  Silva Carvalho, R. et al. Effect of feeding a diet based on black soldier fly larvae meal on canine skin barrier function, organic antioxidant defense, and blood biochemistry. 2024. Arquivos de Nutrição Animal , 78 (2), 159–176. 

From Alga to Bowl: Astaxanthin Supports Pet Health 
Vegetable Origin

5+ MIN

From Alga to Bowl: Astaxanthin Supports Pet Health 

Owing to the ongoing anthropomorphism of pets, owners are taking a closer look at what they're feeding their beloved companions. Just as they themselves are opting for healthier and cleaner-label nutrition—and starting to consider the associated environmental aspects—, owners want to ensure that the same standards apply to their pet's meals. This is manifesting as a shift towards providing fresh food or preferentially selecting more natural or organic pet food products.

Overall, the pet food sector is witnessing continuous growth. The market size in Europe is estimated to be worth $55 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach a value of more than $78 billion by 2029 (growing at a CAGR of approximately 7%).1 Next to classic feed compounds, such as grain or meat, novel functional ingredients are gaining traction in this developing market. Many of these components can be both integrated into feed grades as well as pet-friendly nutraceuticals. One example is carotenoids, which are not only known for their vibrant yellow, orange, or red colours, but also for their antioxidant attributes. One carotenoid with a particularly high antioxidant power—110 times more than vitamin E—is astaxanthin. 

In nature, the most abundant source of astaxanthin is a tiny microalga called Haematococcus pluvialis. Although astaxanthin has a long history as an ingredient in human supplements, its beneficial effects were first discovered in the marine world regarding the survival and reproduction rates of salmon. Research on astaxanthin in aquaculture was also the basis for the Swedish company, AstaReal's business. The organisation was the first to produce natural astaxanthin on an industrial level and, as the subject of more than 70 clinical studies on humans and animals, it owns today's most researched astaxanthin brand in the market.
Species-Specific Research
'We wanted to understand what this might mean for different kinds of animals, so we started using the ingredient in trials with cats and dogs,' says Peter Ahlm, Head of Marketing & Sales at AstaReal. Distinct research on targeted animals is indispensable when it comes to developing a safe and efficacious product; effects might vary between species, and it's imperative to optimise the amount of ingredients to be dispensed.

There is a growing body of evidence for various positive effects of natural astaxanthin on pets' health, many of which show a similar pattern to humans. For instance, astaxanthin can support canine mobility, endurance, and muscle recovery; the cardiovascular system; cognitive function; attentiveness and at the cellular level, the mitochondria.2–5 Moreover, natural astaxanthin supplementation in dogs and cats could enhance their innate defence systems and improve both their cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.6,7 Astaxanthin also has shown potential to improve impaired vision due to age-related conditions like cloudy lenses in dogs.8 

'The recorded health effects may seem quite diverse; however, they are all rooted in astaxanthin's unique molecular structure. Due to its linear, polar-nonpolar-polar molecular layout, natural astaxanthin can effectively penetrate and traverse the cell and mitochondria membranes and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior boundaries. In addition to providing better protection to the cells and their powerhouses against oxidative stress, natural astaxanthin also has anti-inflammatory effects that support multiple bodily organs and systems.' -  Behnaz Shakersain, Scientific Affairs Manager at AstaReal.
Scoring with Natural Astaxanthin Options
As neither humans nor animals can produce astaxanthin in their bodies, they can only benefit from its protective functions through nutritional intake. To obtain effective amounts, dogs are generally recommended to be fed 1 mg of astaxanthin per 10 kg body weight, which equates to about two wild King salmon fillets for a beagle or three for a golden retriever per day. Feed or treats rich in astaxanthin might offer an easier and more sustainable solution in many cases. 

Natural algae-derived versions of astaxanthin offer additional advantages, such as higher levels of antioxidant potency. Moreover, algae play an essential role in the planet's ecosystem, and being recognised as a renewable resource resonates strongly with responsible consumers. If algae are cultivated indoors, they can be better protected from environmental harm or contamination, and the yield of astaxanthin-rich algal biomass has a higher quality profile. 

Developing a formula with healthy ingredients is only the first step, according to Peter Ahlm: 'Pet food manufacturers also need to make sure that their product will remain stable and nutritious throughout its intended shelf-life. Bioactive substances are particularly prone to interact with other compounds in multi-ingredient formulations or can degrade during harsh production processes, such as extrusion or pelleting.' 

To minimize such risks and protect the power of astaxanthin, AstaReal uses encapsulation in its animal nutrition brand NOVASTA®. Its recently launched NOVASTA® EB15 can be mixed into pet food or added to supplements and consists of algal flour (32%) encapsulated in rapeseed oil with a final astaxanthin concentration of 1.5%. Due to encapsulation, it can be better incorporated into challenging formulations, such as pellets, meal mixes, and soft chews, which are more likely to be exposed to air at ambient temperature.

If manufacturers are sensitive to the shifting demands of pet parents and are willing to combine health with sustainability trends, they are well set. Algal astaxanthin can play an assisting role in these efforts. Thanks to its antioxidant and multifunctional effects, it naturally supports the well-being of our four-legged friends while stemming from a futureproof source.
Futureproof Feeding
One of today's major challenges is how to feed the planet sustainably. In search of plant-based sources for both human and animals, algae are gaining attention. Algae are relatively easy to cultivate, are nutritious, and being considered as more sustainable than several conventional crops. One precious and health-promoting ingredient that algae offer is astaxanthin. AstaReal derives the carotenoid from the micoralgae Haematococcus pluvialis that are being cultivated indoor in specially designed photobioreactors. The company applies a unique system to reuse the excess heat produced during the algae cultivation process to heat up 2500 apartments in the nearby residential area, aiming to continuously reduce their carbon footprint.   By AstaReal
Source: All Pet Food Magazine
References
1.    Mordor Intelligence. 'Europe Pet Food Market SIZE & SHARE ANALYSIS - GROWTH TRENDS & FORECASTS UP TO 2029.' https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/pet-food-market-in-europe-industry. Accessed Feb. 23, 2024.
2.    B.M. Zanghi, et al., 'Effects of Postexercise Feeding of a Supplemental Carbohydrate and Protein Bar with or without Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis to Exercise-Conditioned Dogs,' Am. J. Vet. Res. 76(4), 338–350 (2015).
3.    T. Murai, et al., 'Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Healthy and Obese Dogs,' Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports 10, 29–35 (2019).
4.    National Center for Biotechnology Information. 'PubChem Patent Summary for US-9820497-B2, Astaxanthin-containing pet foods.' https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-9820497-B2. Accessed Feb. 23, 2024.
5.    J.S. Park, et al., 'Astaxanthin Modulates Age-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Healthy Dogs,' Journal of Animal Science 91(1), 268–275 (2013).
6.    B.P. Chew, et al., 'Dietary Astaxanthin Enhances Immune Response in Dogs,' Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 140(3–4), 199–206 (2011).
7.    J.S. Park, et al., 'Astaxanthin Stimulates Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses in Cats,' Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 144, 455–461 (2011).
8.    W. Wang, et al., 'Antioxidant Supplementation Increases Retinal Responses and Decreases Refractive Error Changes in Dogs,' Journal of Nutritional Science 5, E18 (2016).

Unlock Innovative Possibilities in Wet Pet Food Formulation with the Power of Faba Bean Protein
Proteins

4+ MIN

Unlock Innovative Possibilities in Wet Pet Food Formulation with the Power of Faba Bean Protein

Demand for wet pet food is on the rise, with the segment's growth being driven by pet owners looking for premium and nutritionally balanced pet food with good palatability.i At the same time, consumers increasingly want to see more plant-based offerings that also reflect their own sustainability values. In response to these evolving expectations, BENEO has conducted a new set of technical trials to explore the potential of its faba bean protein concentrate as a functional, plant-based ingredient for wet pet food.
Exploring Alternatives to Animal Blood Plasma
In premium and super-premium wet pet food, maintaining consistent product quality is essential. These products typically contain at least 50 wt% total moisture, and their quality is standardised and maintained through the addition of spray-dried animal blood plasma (ABP). This ingredient provides excellent texturizing and emulsifying properties but can come at a high cost. Moreover, due to its animal origin, ABP is increasingly perceived as undesirable by consumers who increasingly want more plant-based ingredient options for their pets.
  To address these challenges, BENEO initiated a series of technical trials in collaboration with Passion4Food, a specialist service provider for the pet food industry. The objective was to evaluate whether faba bean protein concentrate could be used as a suitable and cost-effective alternative to ABP in wet pet food formulations.
Technical Trials Confirm Strong Functional Performance
The initial trials investigated the performance of BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate when partially (50%) or fully (100%) replacing ABP in high-protein wet pet food loaves (paté format). The results showed that the ingredient could be successfully used for both full and partial ABP replacement, with no significant change in the end product's weight or texture. This means producers can maintain desired product quality while achieving considerable cost savings compared to ABP. Based on these promising results, BENEO carried out follow-up trials using a test recipe suitable for commercial scalability.  

As part of the following additional trials, the same percentages of ABP and faba bean protein concentrate were used and compared to a test recipe in which ABP was partially replaced at 50% with pea protein concentrate.
  The data demonstrated that BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate acted as an excellent and cost-effective alternative binder to ABP, with no significant changes observed in loaf height, weight, hardness, or adhesiveness. In contrast, the partial replacement of ABP with pea protein concentrate led to a significant decrease in hardness, indicating that faba bean protein concentrate provides a higher binding capacity in wet pet food loaves. This makes it a valuable ingredient for maintaining the desired texture of the end-product while reducing reliance on animal-derived binders.  
Patent Application Supports Scientific Innovation
Following these successful results, BENEO filed an international patent application for the use of faba bean protein concentrate as an alternative to spray-dried animal blood plasma in wet pet food. The patent application was published in August 2025, underscoring BENEO's dedication to research-based innovation and functional ingredient development for the pet food industry.
Nutritional and Formulation Advantages
Beyond its technical and cost benefits, BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate also provides strong nutritional value. With a protein content of 61 g per 100 g on a dry matter basis and an ileal digestibility score of almost 90%, it is a highly digestible source of protein. Its amino acid profile is relatively rich in lysine and can complement cereal proteins, such as rice protein or vital wheat gluten, to achieve a complete essential amino acids profile.

The ingredient also provides flexibility for product positioning. It is listed in the EU Catalogue of Feed Materialsii and can be used in formulations that carry 'no grain' claims.
Contributing to Sustainable and Locally Sourced Solutions
Sustainability has become an increasingly important consideration for both consumers and producers. BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate offers strong sustainability credentials linked to the faba bean crop and to BENEO's local sourcing and production processes in Germany. Local production in the new state-of-the-art pulse-processing plant, located in Obrigheim, further supports short transport distances, secures supply and reduces the environmental impact compared to more resource-intensive ingredients.
  Dr Maygane Ronsmans, Product Manager Animal Nutrition at BENEO, comments:

'With two in three pet owners considering plant-based proteins to be better for the environmentiii, demand has grown for sustainable and locally sourced vegetal protein ingredients. As the technical trials show, BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate offers pet food manufacturers a win-win scenario: producers can decrease their recipe costs while benefitting from secure supply and meeting consumer expectations for more sustainable and plant-based pet foods, without impacting the quality of the end-product.'
Supporting the Next Generation of Wet Pet Food Innovation
The findings from BENEO's trials confirm that faba bean protein concentrate combines functionality, nutritional quality and sustainability. It performs effectively as a binder in wet pet food, delivers a high level of digestible protein, and provides a viable alternative to animal blood plasma in applications where consistency and texture are key.
  For pet food manufacturers, this opens the door to new formulation strategies that balance technical performance, cost efficiency and environmental responsibility. As the market continues to evolve, ingredients such as BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate can help producers meet consumer expectations for more plant-based, locally sourced and high-quality products.
  Interested in learning more about BENEO's ingredient solutions? Find more details here  By BENEO
Source: All Pet Food Magazine References
i Wet Pet Food Market Analysis - Size, Share, and Forecast Outlook 2025 to 2035, Future Market Insights Inc, 2024. 
ii Commission Regulation (EU) No 68/2013 of 16 January 2013 on the Catalogue of feed materials – Faba bean protein concentrate is listed under entry 3.7.5: 'Horse bean protein' 
iii BENEO Consumer Research On Pet Care 2025. FMCG Gurus conducted a quantitative online survey in 2025 with 2.500 pet owners in the US, Brazil, UK, Germany, and China (250 cat and 250 dog owners per country).

Grain-Free Pet Food for Cats and Dogs
 
Vegetable Origin

4+ MIN

Grain-Free Pet Food for Cats and Dogs  

WHAT ARE 'GRAIN-FREE' PET FOODS?
Pet foods that are sold as 'grain-free' typically do not contain grains. Grain-free foods typically contain ingredients such as pulses including beans, chickpeas, and lentils, and can also include tubers (e.g., potatoes). More recently, grain free pet foods have become a popular feeding choice for some pet owners.
  WHAT ARE GRAINS?
Grains (cereals) are a group of ingredients that contain mainly starch as well as varying amounts of protein, fibre, lipids, vitamins, and minerals and are used in pet foods. Grain examples include rice, corn, wheat, barley, sorghum and oats.   WHAT ARE PULSES?
Pulses are defined as the dried edible seeds of plants in the legume family1. Examples of pulses include dried beans, broad beans/faba beans, peas, chickpeas/garbanzo beans, and lentils. Pulses contain starch (typically at levels lower than cereals) as well as protein (at levels higher than cereals), fibre and some lipids, vitamins and minerals.   DOES 'GRAIN-FREE' MEAN CARBOHYDRATE FREE?
Carbohydrates, which include starches and fibres, are an important source of energy and promote digestive health. Carbohydrates are present in ingredients typically found in 'grain-free' recipes for instance in pulses (e.g., beans, chickpeas, lentils, etc.), potatoes, and sweet potatoes.

Starch plays a crucial role in the manufacture of dry pet food. For more information about the role of carbohydrates in pet food see the FEDIAF factsheet on carbohydrates2.
  WHAT IS GLUTEN AND WHERE DO YOU FIND IT?
Gluten is a type of protein. It is found in some cereal grains (wheat, barley, and rye). Gluten can be used to bind items together, such as in bread. Gluten is composed of two main proteins – glutenin and gliadin, with gliadin making up 70% of the protein content. Wheat gluten intolerance is very rare in dogs and has not been reported in cats. It is recommended to consult with your veterinarian if you think your pet could benefit from a gluten-free diet. There are many ingredients commonly believed to contain gluten that are actually gluten-free, including quinoa, buckwheat, rice, millet, and maize (corn).   ARE 'GRAIN-FREE' PET FOODS HEALTHIER?
The most important consideration when deciding what diet to feed is whether it provides complete and balanced nutrition. If there is too much of one nutrient and not enough of others, it will impact the pet's health. This principle is true regardless of whether the pet food contains grain or not.
  The best way to ensure a healthy diet is to feed a complete food appropriate to the pet and their life stage. Your veterinary health care team can help select an adequate food for each case. For those that prefer grain-free pet food, there is a good selection of products on the market.   ARE 'GRAIN-FREE' DIETS BETTER FOR PETS WITH ALLERGIES?
While adverse reactions to food do occur in pets, the true prevalence of dietary intolerance or allergy in pets is unknown but thought to be rare. Reports vary, however one review found that cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) – which include allergies as well as intolerances – have a prevalence of between 1-2% of dogs and 0.2% of cats, presented to veterinarians3. It is important to remember that not all allergies are linked to food e.g., fleabite allergy, and it is important to investigate all potential causes with your veterinarian.
  Whilst a very small number of pets, like humans, may be intolerant or allergic to a particular grain, this does not mean that other grains are not tolerated, that all pets will be affected, or that any one grain is inherently bad for the health of pets.
  Available research has highlighted that the most common proven allergens for cats and dogs are protein sources and include beef, chicken, fish, and dairy products4. Owners concerned about dietary intolerances or allergies should always speak to their veterinarian. It is important to work closely with your veterinarian to determine the cause of your pet's allergy. An allergic response can occur to any protein, including those contained in cereals and pulses. Specialized diets are available that are designed for the reduction of food intolerances and allergies.   ARE 'GRAIN-FREE' DIETS LINKED TO HEART PROBLEMS IN DOGS?
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opened an investigation into the occurrence of non-hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs in 2018, when they noted an association between reported cases of DCM and some diets containing a very high proportion of pulses and/or potatoes5,6. Diets reported included both 'grain-free' and grain-containing formulations. In some cases of DCM, a change in diet is part of the treatment as it can result in clinical improvement. Research to examine a potential cause has been inconclusive to date.
  The FDA is also continuing to explore the role of genetics, underlying medical conditions, and/or other factors in DCM. The FDA did not recall any products at any time. In December 2022, FDA issued a statement saying that it does not intend to release further public updates on DCM and diets until there is meaningful new scientific information to share.
  If you have any questions relating to DCM it is recommended that you talk to your veterinarian. Source: FEDIAF
  References
Ingredient Definitions | IPIC – International Pulse Ingredient Consortium (pulseingredients.com). ↩︎
Carbohydrates in dog and cat food | FEDIAF (europeanpetfood.org) ↩︎
Olivry T, Mueller RS. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (3): prevalence of cutaneous adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res. 2017 Feb;13(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-0973-z. PMID: 28202060; PMCID: PMC5311844. ↩︎
Mueller RS, Olivry T, Prélaud P. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (2): common food allergen sources in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res. 2016 Jan 12;12:9. doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0633-8. PMID: 26753610; PMCID: PMC4710035. ↩︎
FDA Investigation into Potential Link between Certain Diets and Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy | FDA ↩︎
Questions & Answers: FDA's Work on Potential Causes of Non-Hereditary DCM in Dogs | FDA ↩︎

Symrise Invests in Bond Pet Foods to Accelerate Sustainable Innovation in Pet Nutrition Via Precision Fermentation
 
Proteins

2+ MIN

Symrise Invests in Bond Pet Foods to Accelerate Sustainable Innovation in Pet Nutrition Via Precision Fermentation  

Symrise today announced a strategic equity investment in Bond Pet Foods, a U.S.-based biotechnology company that uses precision fermentation to produce animal-identical proteins complementing the existing pet food portfolio of Symrise. The partnership supports Symrise's ambition to develop biotech-enabled ingredients that work better for pets and the planet, strengthening the long-term competitiveness and sustainability leadership of Symrise Pet Food.
  With this partnership, Symrise will leverage Bond Pet Foods' technology to help address key industry challenges, including supply-chain continuity and growing consumer demand for sustainable products that diversify the source of pet food ingredients. For pet food manufacturers, the collaboration aims to broaden access to high-quality proteins while supporting resilience and responsible sourcing.
  'This investment marks an important step in advancing our strategy to develop next-generation sustainable ingredients with biotechnology. By combining Bond's fermentation capabilities with Symrise's application expertise and market insight, we can deliver high-performance nutrition solutions and create new growth opportunities for our customers,' said Diego Maurizio, General Manager, Palatability & Nutrition Business Line at Symrise.
  Founded in 2017, Bond Pet Foods develops animal-identical proteins for pet nutrition using precision fermentation. The company has progressed its platform through several development agreements, building expertise in bringing novel protein ingredients toward real-world application.
  'We have put great effort into building a new way to produce animal-identical proteins for pet food applications. Now, we find it exciting to see that work gaining traction across the industry", said Rich Kelleman, CEO of Bond Pet Foods. "Partnering with Symrise marks an important step forward bringing their deep expertise in pet nutrition and taste to further expand how our ingredients perform and can be used by pet food manufacturers,'
  "This investment advances our ambition to scale biotechnology across our business. With this, we aim at effectively supporting long-term resilience, portfolio diversification, and a stronger innovation pipeline", says Walter Ribeiro, President Taste, Nutrition & Health at Symrise. "By helping our customers develop more sustainable pet food formulations, the collaboration reinforces Symrise's sustainability commitments and consumer-driven innovation strategy." Source: Symrise AG
About Bond Pet Foods Bond Pet Foods is a Boulder, Colorado-based company using precision fermentation to produce animal-identical proteins for the pet food industry. By combining yeast fermentation with food science, Bond creates high-quality animal-identical proteins that meet the nutritional needs of dogs and cats, while supporting a more sustainable and resilient food system.
  Bond supplies these ingredients to pet food manufacturers for use in food, treat, and supplement applications.
  The company's investors include leading funds and organizations across the biotechnology, ingredient, and pet nutrition sectors, including Genoa Ventures, Lever VC, ADM Ventures, Cavallo Ventures (Wilbur-Ellis), Agronomics, Thia Ventures, KBW Ventures, iSelect Fund, Stage 1 Fund, Plug and Play Ventures and Symrise North America. www.bondpets.com


Proteins

Proteins Hydrolyzed Proteins: What They Are and How They Act in the Management of Food Sensitivities and Chronic Enteropathies

6+ MIN

Hydrolyzed Proteins: What They Are and How They Act in the Management of Food Sensitivities and Chronic Enteropathies

From Ingredient Selection to Molecular Bioavailability
In recent years, the quality standards of foods intended for dogs and cats have undergone changes and redefinitions. While for decades, one of the most attractive aspects of commercial diets was the use of premium meats or exotic protein sources, the current focus has shifted toward the nutrients present in each ingredient and their bioavailability within the diet. 
  Advances in animal nutrition studies have encouraged a more precise and effective approach, based on the principle that animals do not require specific ingredients, but rather essential nutrients in adequate amounts. This redefinition in ingredient selection represents a movement toward maximizing nutritional efficiency, with a focus on greater nutrient bioavailability, contributing to the health and well-being of companion animals.
Why Protein Size Matters
The molecular structure of food is important because the immune system interacts with dietary proteins through the recognition of epitopes—mechanisms that are still not fully understood—formed by specific amino acid sequences present on the surface of large polypeptides. In sensitized animals, these proteins may bind to immunoglobulin E present on the surface of mast cells, triggering a cascade of inflammatory mediators that results in the clinical signs of adverse food reactions, such as intense pruritus and gastrointestinal alterations.

For a long time, the strategy used to address this condition was the search for different proteins, derived from novel sources to which animals had not yet been exposed and, therefore, would have a lower probability of previous sensitization. However, ensuring this 'novelty' and the constant risk of cross-contamination make this approach increasingly difficult and less reliable, being effective only in some cases.

Hydrolysis: The 'Molecular Disguise' of Proteins
Advances in animal nutrition have prioritized the so-called 'molecular disguise' of conventional proteins through partial or extensive enzymatic hydrolysis, which essentially is the structural modification of proteins through hydrolysis.

The hydrolysis process promotes the breakdown of intact proteins, generally with molecular weights between 15 and 70 kDa, into small peptides and free amino acids, reducing their molecular weight to values below the threshold of immune recognition. In this way, the antigenic 'target' of immunoglobulins is minimized without significantly altering the nutritional value of food.

For a protein source to be considered hydrolyzed and effective in the management of food allergies, most of its peptides should have a molecular mass below 10 kDa, with the presence of much smaller protein fractions (below 500 Da) being common. Recent characterizations illustrate the precision and efficiency of modern processes, demonstrating that several protein ingredients—from both animal and plant origins—can achieve molecular profiles with a low probability of detection by the immune system.
Hypoallergenic and Anallergenic Diets
This has opened the opportunity for the development of hypoallergenic diets, characterized by being composed of few ingredients and often by a single protein source subjected to partial or total hydrolysis before being included in the formulation. These diets are characterized by adequate digestibility, reduced allergenic potential, and a good amino acid balance, with high bioavailability of essential amino acids.

In addition, there are purified diets, also known as anallergenic diets, in which the protein is supplied with an extremely high degree of hydrolysis, resulting in very small peptides that are practically undetectable by the immune system. Hydrolyzed diets, therefore, offer advantages for patients with deficiencies in protein digestion mechanisms or for those affected by enteropathies responsive to intact dietary proteins.
Chronic Enteropathies and Nutritional Support
Patients with chronic enteropathies present a group of gastrointestinal conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent signs, such as diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, changes in fecal quality, and reduced intestinal absorptive capacity. In these cases, the intestinal mucosa may present prolonged inflammation, alterations in the intestinal barrier, dysbiosis, and compromised villi, which are essential structures for adequate nutrient utilization. These patients often represent a major challenge for their owners and the veterinary team, and their quality of life may be significantly compromised when effective therapeutic strategies are not established.

The advent of diets containing hydrolyzed or extensively hydrolyzed proteins represents a milestone in companion animal nutrition. These formulations are fundamental for the recovery and quality of life of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease or other digestive disorders related to dietary proteins, as they allow the restoration of digestive function, adequate amino acid absorption, and tissue recovery, favoring weight gain, maintenance of muscle mass, and remission of clinical signs.
Clinical Applications and Perspectives
In dogs with food-responsive diarrhea, hydrolyzed diets frequently promote rapid resolution of clinical signs as they are both diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cases of food allergy. In dogs with more complex conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, the use of hydrolyzed proteins is essential to minimize the development of sensitization to new dietary antigens.

The supply of 'pre-digested' peptides helps reduce the antigenic load of the diet while maintaining the animal's nutritional support, and providing the energy required for tissue repair processes. Recent studies have also explored the use of hydrolyzed proteins derived from poultry liver, feathers, viscera, fish, beef, and insects to improve fecal quality and modulate intestinal fermentation in dogs, highlighting the versatility of these protein sources in clinical settings.
Conclusion
The transition from an ingredient-focused approach to one centered on molecular bioavailability defines modern companion animal nutrition. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of disorders affecting dogs and cats deepens, the selection of raw materials will continue to be evaluated based on their effective contribution to metabolic health.

This shift is not limited to the prevention of food allergies but seeks to optimize nutrient utilization by animals. By prioritizing adequate molecular weight, high digestibility, and modulation of the intestinal environment, the industry develops solutions that translate directly into improved quality of life for patients. The true indicator of quality lies in the ability to provide nutrients in a bioavailable, safe, and consistent way, allowing the survival of patients who previously had limitations almost incompatible with life. By Paula K. Velho¹, Gustavo de A. Fusquine¹, Laura S. de Freitas¹, Eduarda B. F. de Oliveira¹, Luciano Trevizan¹
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

¹GENAC – Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição de Animais de Companhia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
  References
FASCETTI, Andrea J. et al. (Ed.). Applied veterinary clinical nutrition. 2012.
MARTELLO, Elisa et al. Liquid Hydrolyzed Fish Protein (Anchovy) in the Canine Diet: A Focus on Gut Fermentation and Fecal Quality. Veterinary Sciences, v. 12, n. 8, p. 779, 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ vetsci12080779.
MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ, Lina María et al. Effect of sequentially fed high protein, hydrolyzed protein, and high fiber diets on the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs: a cross-over study. Animal microbiome, v. 3, n. 1, p. 42, 2021. DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00101-8.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Hydrolyzed chicken liver used as single source of animal protein in diet and its effect on cytokines, immunoglobulins, and fecal microbiota profile of adult dogs. PLoS One, v. 17, n. 7, sk, 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271932.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Characterisation of spray dried hydrolysed chicken liver powder: effects on palatability and digestibility when included as single source of animal protein in dog diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, v. 20, n. 1, p. 2086-2094, 2021. DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2021.1993091.
PINTO, Caroline FD et al. Effects of hydrolyzed chicken liver on digestibility, fecal and urinary characteristics, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs. Journal of Animal Science, v. 101, p. 1-12, 2023. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad366.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Effects of diets based on hydrolyzed chicken liver and different protein concentrations on the formation and deamination of biogenic amines and total antioxidant capacity of dogs. Animals, v. 13, n. 16, p. 2578, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/ani13162578
SEZEROTTO, Pamela Prestes et al. Hydrolyzed chicken liver and increasing crude protein levels on palatability, digestibility, and intestinal fermentation products of cats. Journal of Animal Science, v. 103, skaf173, 2025. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf173.
 

Proteins Innovative Functional Protein Solutions for the Next Generation of Dry and Wet Pet Food

4+ MIN

Innovative Functional Protein Solutions for the Next Generation of Dry and Wet Pet Food

In addition to being a high-quality protein source, plasma provides highly relevant technological properties for industrial processing. In wet pet food applications, for example, it acts as an excellent binder, emulsifier, and gelling agent, directly contributing to texture, stability, and final product appearance. The pet food industry has used plasma in wet formulations for more than 30 years because of its ability to improve water retention, increase chunk consistency, create improved texture, richer gravies, and provide greater juiciness and cohesion to the food. 

The studies demonstrate that plasma inclusion significantly improves hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and structural integrity in wet pet food chunks. In fish and salmon applications, for example, a linear increase in hardness and consistency was observed as plasma inclusion levels increased, along with better gravy absorption and greater formulation stability. Compared to traditional ingredients such as wheat gluten, egg albumin, carrageenan, and soy protein concentrate, plasma showed an excellent balance between gel strength, emulsification, and water retention. 

Another important aspect is that technological benefits go hand in hand with nutritional improvements. Digestibility studies in cats demonstrated significant improvements in protein, fat, mineral, and energy digestion in diets containing plasma, along with increased palatability. In comparative trials, foods containing plasma were preferred over formulations using wheat gluten and other protein sources, reinforcing plasma's contribution to feed acceptance and the sensory experience for pets. 

In dry pet food, plasma also delivers significant results. Its application in kibble, treats, toppers, snacks, and supplements improves both processing quality and the functional benefits of the final product. During extrusion, plasma contributes to greater kibble durability, reduced fines, improved physical structure, and greater stability in formulas containing high levels of fresh meat. The studies showed that inclusion levels between 2.5% and 5% allowed manufacturers to formulate with higher meat content while maintaining excellent kibble durability and starch gelatinization. 

In addition, plasma offers high solubility and easy incorporation into different formulations, allowing partial replacement of ingredients such as gluten, egg albumin, and gums, providing both economic and technological advantages. In dry dog food, studies also demonstrated improvements in dry matter and protein digestibility, along with a 10–20% reduction in fecal output, indicating better nutrient utilization and improved stool quality. 

Palatability is another major highlight. In comparative studies against spray-dried liver, plasma-containing diets showed a higher consumption ratio in cats when included in extruded formulations. These results indicate that plasma can serve as a highly palatable functional alternative to enhance palatability which may allow alterations in the use of traditional palatants. 

However, plasma benefits extend beyond nutrition and processing. The ingredient contains bioactive functional proteins capable of positively modulating immune and inflammatory responses. Several studies have demonstrated that plasma helps maintain intestinal integrity, reduces mucosal permeability, and contributes to immune balance. Reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, along with increases in IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, were observed. These findings indicate improved intestinal barrier function and systemic digestive health support. 

Within this context, new studies related to the intestinal microbiome further reinforce plasma's position as a high-value functional ingredient. In adult dogs fed with extruded diets containing plasma, researchers observed a linear increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, important markers of beneficial fermentation and positive intestinal microbiota activity. Increases in beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Catenibacterium, were also observed, along with reductions in metabolites associated with undesirable protein fermentation, indicating a healthier intestinal environment. 

Another relevant finding was the increase in fecal IgA, suggesting improved intestinal immune homeostasis and stronger mucosal immunity. The study concluded that plasma promotes consistent, inclusion-dependent positive responses, contributing to intestinal health, microbiome modulation, and improved protein metabolism efficiency. 

Recent studies have also expanded the potential application of plasma for joint health and mobility formulations targeting senior dogs. In dogs with osteoarthritis fed diets containing 4% plasma, significant improvements in mobility and reductions in lameness scores were observed after 42 days. In addition, plasma reduced inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and increased IL-10, demonstrating a positive effect on the inflammatory response associated with osteoarthritis. 

Supplemented animals also demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity, evidenced by increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, as well as lower levels of MMP-2 and MMP-13, enzymes associated with articular cartilage degradation. At the same time, protein digestibility improved without negatively affecting feed intake or fecal scores. These results demonstrate that plasma can serve as a strategic functional ingredient in senior dog diets, contributing to mobility, joint health, inflammatory control, and antioxidant support. 

Another important ingredient is the spray-dried red blood cells in pet food. Spray-dried red blood cells emerge as a functional solution that combines natural coloration and highly digestible protein in a single ingredient. Their main application is related to creating a natural meat-like color in dry and wet pet foods, helping reduce or eliminate artificial colorants while delivering a more natural and premium appearance to formulations. 

In dry pet food, color intensity progressively increases according to inclusion level, providing kibble with a more meat-like appearance. In pâté-like wet pet food, red blood cells intensify the natural meat appearance and enhance the visual authenticity of the final product. Beyond visual appeal, the ingredient also provides highly digestible protein and an excellent amino acid profile, including high levels of lysine, leucine, and valine. 

Overall, both spray-dried plasma and spray-dried red blood cells represent a new generation of functional ingredients for pet food, capable of combining processing technology, nutritional value, intestinal health, systemic functionality, and premium appeal into a single component. The studies presented reinforce that these ingredients offer complete solutions for the industry, meeting current demands for more functional, natural, efficient formulations aligned with trends in animal health and wellness. By Dr. Joy Campbell, Senior Director of Global Pet Food Technical Services, APC
Source: All Pet Food Magazine


Vegetable Origin

Vegetable Origin Plant-Based Food for Dogs and Cats

5+ MIN

Plant-Based Food for Dogs and Cats

Food production for human consumption that is high in nutritional value, low in water and energy consumption, highly sustainable, and has a reduced carbon footprint is guiding research in this field. The use of food through chemical, physical, and enzymatic processes, for example, aims to reduce waste. At the same time, the coexistence of dogs, cats, and humans has been a constant throughout human history to the point that these animals have become the world's primary interspecies companions, serving roles in protection, work, pest control, and, above all, deep emotional bonding within society.

Today, the global population of dogs and cats is estimated at between 2 and 2.5 billion animals, of which approximately 1 to 1.5 billion live in households and depend on human care. The fact that these animals are carnivores is a challenge, since they are potential competitors with humans for the planet's food resources. At present, this competition is not readily apparent because the industrial production of pet food relies primarily on ingredients that are not used for human consumption, ranging from agricultural residues to animal by-products, positioning pets at the final stage of the agricultural value chain while generating additional income for producers of these raw materials.

This raises an important question: if a paradigm shift were to occur—for example, a reduction in food production with a high carbon footprint and high-water consumption, such as animal-derived products, alongside a transition toward more sustainable production systems based on plant-based foods, algae, insects, and other alternatives—would it still be possible to sustain the current population of carnivores living alongside humans?

In the context of global sustainability, the social and environmental impact of pet food has become strategically important, particularly because pet food relies on animal-derived ingredients (Pedrinelli et al., 2021, 2022). Considering that food production for human consumption already places significant pressure on natural resources, companion animal nutrition adds another complexity to the scenario. Every year, the global food system accounts for 34% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is also the primary driver of ocean eutrophication (approximately 78%) and freshwater eutrophication (approximately 95%). In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimated that the livestock sector accounted for 14.5% of global GHG emissions. More recent data indicate that the production of animal-derived foods, which forms the foundation of the pet food industry, is responsible for at least 20% of global anthropogenic emissions.

Within this context of growing concern over global sustainability, the carbon pawprint concept has emerged, adapting the idea of ecological footprint to measure the impact of resource consumption (land, water, and energy) associated with companion animals. Given the enormous global population of dogs and cats, the environmental impact of feeding them is substantial (Knight et al., 2022). Consequently, there is broad consensus that the impact of companion animal nutrition is significant and should be considered within climate change mitigation strategies.

This is not merely an ideological issue, nor is it an attempt to turn carnivores into herbivores. Rather, the question is whether it would be possible to maintain today's companion animal population in a healthy and sustainable manner if animal-derived food resources became less available. Answering this question requires evaluating multiple factors regarding carnivore metabolism and physiology, current and future food sources, the impact of today's carnivore population on sustainability goals, and other relevant considerations.

The Order Carnivora includes thousands of species with very different characteristics. For example, although taxonomy is primarily based on anatomy (anatomical carnivores), feeding behavior in the wild (preferential carnivores), metabolism, and other traits also define different family groups. Thus, although giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are anatomical carnivores, their feeding preferences and habits enable them to thrive on strictly plant-based diets. Dogs (Canis lupus), on the other hand, because of the enormous genetic variability resulting from human intervention and/or geographic isolation, may be classified as "preferential carnivores," "facultative carnivores," or even "opportunistic carnivores." This means they will always prefer meat, but in its absence, they can maintain their health by consuming plant foods naturally available in the environment, such as fruits, leaves, and roots. According to Axelsson et al. (2013), the 52 dog breeds evaluated in a genomic study showed considerable variation in their ability to digest starch. However, all of them possessed significantly more copies of genes associated with starch digestion (from 6 to 24 copies) than the 12 wolf populations included in the study. In contrast to wolves' carnivorous diet, the adaptation to a starch-rich diet represented a crucial step in the domestication of dogs.

Domestic cats (Felis catus), by contrast, retain strong metabolic similarities to their wild ancestors. Over millions of years, they developed metabolic adaptations that enabled them to maximize the utilization of prey composed primarily of protein and fat while suppressing the production of enzymes such as amylase, whose synthesis represented an unnecessary metabolic cost. These adaptations characterize cats as "obligate carnivores" or "metabolic carnivores," meaning that under natural conditions they depend on nutrients found exclusively in animal-derived foods, including arachidonic acid and taurine.

On the other hand, it is well established that pet diets can be formulated and produced using plant-derived ingredients, provided that the necessary nutritional adjustments are made to correct existing nutrient deficiencies and excesses. Understanding the nutrients that make up a plant-based diet is essential for evaluating its applicability in dog and cat nutrition. Although the nutritional requirements of these animals can be met using plant-derived ingredients, formulation requires a careful approach to ensure nutritional adequacy, bioavailability, and an appropriate balance among nutrients (Roberts et al., 2023).

Contemporary scientific literature demonstrates significant growth in both the market for and interest in plant-based dog foods, driven by vegan pet owners who wish to align their personal values with the diets they feed their animals. At the same time, sustainability has become a central pillar of this discussion. Strong evidence indicates that transitioning to nutritionally complete plant-based diets offers important environmental benefits, including substantial reductions in land use, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared with diets based on animal-derived ingredients.

Finally, plant-based diets for dogs and cats have remained a controversial topic regarding concerns about their nutritional adequacy for carnivorous animals. However, the growing body of scientific evidence suggests that properly formulated vegan diets can be nutritionally complete. In addition to the theoretical evaluation of nutrients and food composition, it is essential to evaluate the long-term health effects of these diets in dogs. By Flavia Maria de Oliveira Borges Saad and Susana Mantuani Reis Alves
Source: All Pet Food Magazine   References
KNIGHT, A. et al. Vegan versus meat-based dog food: Guardian-reported indicators of health. PLoS ONE, v. 17, n. 4 April, 1 abr. 2022. 
KNIGHT, A. The relative benefits for environmental sustainability of vegan diets for dogs, cats and people. PLoS ONE, v. 18, n. 10 October, 1 out. 2023. 
KNIGHT, A.; LEITSBERGER, M. Vegetarian versus meat-based diets for companion animals. Animals, 2016. 
KNIGHT, A.; SATCHELL, L. Vegan versus meat-based pet foods: Ownerreported palatability behaviours and implications for canine and feline welfare. PLoS ONE, v. 16, n. 6 June 2021, 2021. 
KNIGHT, A.; SATCHELL, L. Erratum: Vegan versus meat-based pet foods: Owner-reported palatability behaviours and implications for canine and feline welfare (PLoS ONE (2021) 16: 6 (e0253292) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253292). PLoS ONEPublic Library of Science, 2021.

Vegetable Origin From Alga to Bowl: Astaxanthin Supports Pet Health 

5+ MIN

From Alga to Bowl: Astaxanthin Supports Pet Health 

Owing to the ongoing anthropomorphism of pets, owners are taking a closer look at what they're feeding their beloved companions. Just as they themselves are opting for healthier and cleaner-label nutrition—and starting to consider the associated environmental aspects—, owners want to ensure that the same standards apply to their pet's meals. This is manifesting as a shift towards providing fresh food or preferentially selecting more natural or organic pet food products.

Overall, the pet food sector is witnessing continuous growth. The market size in Europe is estimated to be worth $55 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach a value of more than $78 billion by 2029 (growing at a CAGR of approximately 7%).1 Next to classic feed compounds, such as grain or meat, novel functional ingredients are gaining traction in this developing market. Many of these components can be both integrated into feed grades as well as pet-friendly nutraceuticals. One example is carotenoids, which are not only known for their vibrant yellow, orange, or red colours, but also for their antioxidant attributes. One carotenoid with a particularly high antioxidant power—110 times more than vitamin E—is astaxanthin. 

In nature, the most abundant source of astaxanthin is a tiny microalga called Haematococcus pluvialis. Although astaxanthin has a long history as an ingredient in human supplements, its beneficial effects were first discovered in the marine world regarding the survival and reproduction rates of salmon. Research on astaxanthin in aquaculture was also the basis for the Swedish company, AstaReal's business. The organisation was the first to produce natural astaxanthin on an industrial level and, as the subject of more than 70 clinical studies on humans and animals, it owns today's most researched astaxanthin brand in the market.
Species-Specific Research
'We wanted to understand what this might mean for different kinds of animals, so we started using the ingredient in trials with cats and dogs,' says Peter Ahlm, Head of Marketing & Sales at AstaReal. Distinct research on targeted animals is indispensable when it comes to developing a safe and efficacious product; effects might vary between species, and it's imperative to optimise the amount of ingredients to be dispensed.

There is a growing body of evidence for various positive effects of natural astaxanthin on pets' health, many of which show a similar pattern to humans. For instance, astaxanthin can support canine mobility, endurance, and muscle recovery; the cardiovascular system; cognitive function; attentiveness and at the cellular level, the mitochondria.2–5 Moreover, natural astaxanthin supplementation in dogs and cats could enhance their innate defence systems and improve both their cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.6,7 Astaxanthin also has shown potential to improve impaired vision due to age-related conditions like cloudy lenses in dogs.8 

'The recorded health effects may seem quite diverse; however, they are all rooted in astaxanthin's unique molecular structure. Due to its linear, polar-nonpolar-polar molecular layout, natural astaxanthin can effectively penetrate and traverse the cell and mitochondria membranes and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior boundaries. In addition to providing better protection to the cells and their powerhouses against oxidative stress, natural astaxanthin also has anti-inflammatory effects that support multiple bodily organs and systems.' -  Behnaz Shakersain, Scientific Affairs Manager at AstaReal.
Scoring with Natural Astaxanthin Options
As neither humans nor animals can produce astaxanthin in their bodies, they can only benefit from its protective functions through nutritional intake. To obtain effective amounts, dogs are generally recommended to be fed 1 mg of astaxanthin per 10 kg body weight, which equates to about two wild King salmon fillets for a beagle or three for a golden retriever per day. Feed or treats rich in astaxanthin might offer an easier and more sustainable solution in many cases. 

Natural algae-derived versions of astaxanthin offer additional advantages, such as higher levels of antioxidant potency. Moreover, algae play an essential role in the planet's ecosystem, and being recognised as a renewable resource resonates strongly with responsible consumers. If algae are cultivated indoors, they can be better protected from environmental harm or contamination, and the yield of astaxanthin-rich algal biomass has a higher quality profile. 

Developing a formula with healthy ingredients is only the first step, according to Peter Ahlm: 'Pet food manufacturers also need to make sure that their product will remain stable and nutritious throughout its intended shelf-life. Bioactive substances are particularly prone to interact with other compounds in multi-ingredient formulations or can degrade during harsh production processes, such as extrusion or pelleting.' 

To minimize such risks and protect the power of astaxanthin, AstaReal uses encapsulation in its animal nutrition brand NOVASTA®. Its recently launched NOVASTA® EB15 can be mixed into pet food or added to supplements and consists of algal flour (32%) encapsulated in rapeseed oil with a final astaxanthin concentration of 1.5%. Due to encapsulation, it can be better incorporated into challenging formulations, such as pellets, meal mixes, and soft chews, which are more likely to be exposed to air at ambient temperature.

If manufacturers are sensitive to the shifting demands of pet parents and are willing to combine health with sustainability trends, they are well set. Algal astaxanthin can play an assisting role in these efforts. Thanks to its antioxidant and multifunctional effects, it naturally supports the well-being of our four-legged friends while stemming from a futureproof source.
Futureproof Feeding
One of today's major challenges is how to feed the planet sustainably. In search of plant-based sources for both human and animals, algae are gaining attention. Algae are relatively easy to cultivate, are nutritious, and being considered as more sustainable than several conventional crops. One precious and health-promoting ingredient that algae offer is astaxanthin. AstaReal derives the carotenoid from the micoralgae Haematococcus pluvialis that are being cultivated indoor in specially designed photobioreactors. The company applies a unique system to reuse the excess heat produced during the algae cultivation process to heat up 2500 apartments in the nearby residential area, aiming to continuously reduce their carbon footprint.   By AstaReal
Source: All Pet Food Magazine
References
1.    Mordor Intelligence. 'Europe Pet Food Market SIZE & SHARE ANALYSIS - GROWTH TRENDS & FORECASTS UP TO 2029.' https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/pet-food-market-in-europe-industry. Accessed Feb. 23, 2024.
2.    B.M. Zanghi, et al., 'Effects of Postexercise Feeding of a Supplemental Carbohydrate and Protein Bar with or without Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis to Exercise-Conditioned Dogs,' Am. J. Vet. Res. 76(4), 338–350 (2015).
3.    T. Murai, et al., 'Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Healthy and Obese Dogs,' Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports 10, 29–35 (2019).
4.    National Center for Biotechnology Information. 'PubChem Patent Summary for US-9820497-B2, Astaxanthin-containing pet foods.' https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-9820497-B2. Accessed Feb. 23, 2024.
5.    J.S. Park, et al., 'Astaxanthin Modulates Age-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Healthy Dogs,' Journal of Animal Science 91(1), 268–275 (2013).
6.    B.P. Chew, et al., 'Dietary Astaxanthin Enhances Immune Response in Dogs,' Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 140(3–4), 199–206 (2011).
7.    J.S. Park, et al., 'Astaxanthin Stimulates Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses in Cats,' Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 144, 455–461 (2011).
8.    W. Wang, et al., 'Antioxidant Supplementation Increases Retinal Responses and Decreases Refractive Error Changes in Dogs,' Journal of Nutritional Science 5, E18 (2016).


Insect Based

Insect Based Study Indicates Good Acceptance of Insect-Based Wet Food by Dogs

3+ MIN

Study Indicates Good Acceptance of Insect-Based Wet Food by Dogs

Ingredients derived from insects are being explored as alternative sources of protein in pet nutrition. 
  In addition to their functional potential, these raw materials have attracted industry interest due to their versatility in both wet and dry formulations.
  A recent study evaluated the acceptance of wet dog food containing insect-based ingredients marketed under the PureeX and ProteinX brands, developed by Protix. 
  The results indicated that both the all-insect-based diet and the hybrid formulation—combining insects and chicken—were readily consumed by the participating animals.   How the study was conducted
The trial included 170 small and medium-sized dogs, all living in homes. According to the technical summary, these categories were selected because they are often considered more selective with regard to food.
  Two diets were evaluated. The first consisted exclusively of ingredients derived from the black soldier fly larva (Hermetia illucens), combining PureeX — described as a minimally processed ingredient — and ProteinX, an insect meal. 
  The second was a hybrid formulation that combined the same insect ingredients with fresh chicken.
  Each caregiver offered one of the diets for two consecutive days and then switched to the other formula for another two days. 
  During the testing period, participants were not informed about the composition of the products.
  At the end of each stage, those in charge evaluated the dogs' consumption. According to the report, both formulations were considered highly acceptable, with no statistically significant difference in intake between the 100% insect diet and the hybrid diet.   Behavioral assessment and sensory perception
In addition to the volume consumed, the study analyzed the dogs' behavior before, during, and after meals. 
  Among the responses associated with positive acceptance were wagging the tail before the food was offered, consuming the entire portion, and licking the lips after the meal. These behaviors were recorded in both diets.
  Those responsible also evaluated sensory attributes such as texture, aroma, and appearance. Both formulations received an average score of seven, on a scale of zero to ten, for these criteria.
  When asked for a recommendation, 82% said they would recommend a diet entirely based on insects, while 81% said they would recommend a hybrid formulation with chicken.
  According to the manufacturer, PureeX is indicated for use in moist foods and can also be included in dry extruded formulations, being available in fresh and frozen versions. ProteinX, on the other hand, is marketed as a protein ingredient in flour form.   Alternative protein on the rise
Insect proteins have been studied as alternatives to traditional sources, with the potential to contribute to formulations seeking ingredient diversification. 
  In addition to nutritional profile, manufacturers highlight functional and sustainability aspects as differentiating factors of this type of raw material.   FAQ about wet food with insect protein
Do dogs readily accept food containing insect protein?
According to the study, both the 100% insect formulation and the hybrid with chicken were readily consumed.
Was there a difference in consumption between the diets tested?
No. The report indicates that no significant difference in intake was observed.
  Can insect protein replace traditional proteins?
It is being studied as an alternative source, but the choice of diet should always be made in consultation with a veterinarian. Source: Cães & Gatos

Insect Based Tebrio boosts B Corp certification score to 96 points, up 11 from 2022

3+ MIN

Tebrio boosts B Corp certification score to 96 points, up 11 from 2022

Salamanca, February 4, 2026- Tebrio, pioneering Spanish biotechnology company specializing in the comprehensive utilization of the Tenebrio molitor insect to produce sustainable natural ingredients, has achieved its B Corp recertification after successfully completing the rigorous social, environmental, and governance impact assessment conducted by the international organization B Lab.

With this recognition, Tebrio solidifies its position within a global community of 10,000 companies that meet high standards of social and environmental impact and share a common purpose: harnessing the power of business to drive positive change in the world. It has done so by exceeding its initial 2022 certification score by 11 points, reaching 96.1 points, more than 15 points above the 80 required for certification.

During this process, B Lab particularly recognized the company's responsible governance, commitment to the circular economy, ethical resource management, and contribution to social and economic development in rural areas. Since its first certification in 2022, Tebrio has continued to advance in integrating people-focused well-being policies, environmental efficiency, and transparency across its entire value chain.

Adriana Casillas, CEO and co-founder of Tebrio, emphasizes: "This recertification is much more than a certification: it is confirmation that we are building an industrial model committed to transparency, equity, and resilience. Being a B Corp means growing responsibly, grounding every advancement in a shared purpose: generating positive and lasting impact."   A Purpose-Driven Business Model   Since its founding, Tebrio has placed sustainability and responsible innovation at the core of its corporate strategy. Its production model is based on circular economy principles, transforming agricultural by-products into ingredients for applications in animal nutrition, regenerative agriculture, cosmetics, and green biotechnology.

This philosophy translates into a genuine commitment to rural areas and the transition to a fairer economy. The company promotes local talent development, fosters diversity within its workforce, and maintains business practices aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).   A recognition that drives continuous improvement   Renewing B Corp certification is not an endpoint, but a commitment to ongoing transformation. Tebrio will continue advancing its sustainability strategy through progressive carbon footprint reduction, exclusive use of renewable energy, promotion of skilled rural employment, equal opportunities, team well-being, and transparency via externally verified impact reports.

This long-term vision reaffirms Tebrio's ambition to be a global benchmark in sustainable bioeconomy, where innovation and purpose integrate into every decision. The Salamanca-based company is currently immersed in building :oFarm, its innovative 100,000 m² industrial plant dedicated to the full production of protein and organic fertilizers from the Tenebrio molitor insect. Source: Tebrio
About B Corp Companies B Corp companies form part of a global community of 10,000 businesses that meet high standards of social impact, environmental performance, transparency, and governance, as verified by B Lab.

In Spain, 300 companies use the B Impact Assessment and collectively generate €12.34 billion in aggregated revenue, including food sector leaders like Danone and Hijos de Rivera, fashion brands such as ECOALF, Camper, and Patagonia, and banking institutions like Triodos Bank and imagin.

All share a common vision: redefining business success by measuring progress through their contribution to the well-being of people and the planet. Tebrio's B Corp certification also underscores its commitment to JEDI principles (Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion), fully integrated into its management model and organizational culture.


About Tebrio and o:Farm Tebrio is a biotechnology company headquartered in Salamanca, a global pioneer in the industrial breeding of Tenebrio molitor and the development of sustainable natural ingredients. Founded in 2014, its business model is grounded in the circular economy and innovation applied to sectors such as agriculture, food, and green biotechnology. Tebrio is currently advancing the construction of :oFarm, its industrial plant that will operate on 100% renewable energy from its own solar panels, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable biotechnological production. Press Contact José Ángel Sanz – Head of Communications joseangel.sanz@tebrio.com Phone: +34 601 900 144 contact@tebrio.com Phone: +34 923 048 049 http://www.tebrio.com


Animal Ingredients

Animal Ingredients Category 3 Animal Fat - an important Pet Food Ingredient

2+ MIN

Category 3 Animal Fat - an important Pet Food Ingredient

Animal by-products (ABPs) Animal by-products (ABPs) are materials of animal origin that people do not consume. When they do not enter the human food chain, in Europe, animal by-products are classified into three categories: Category 1, Category 2 and Category 3 depending on the source of the raw material and the intended use[i]. The pet food industry can only use Category 3 ABPs.   Category 3 ABPs are from animals declared fit for human consumption. These are ideal pet food ingredients due to their high nutritional and energetic value and should be used in the best possible way to preserve resources. Category 1 and 2 animal fats are forbidden for animal feeding for safety reasons but allowed for biofuel production.   The Vital role of Category 3 animal fats in Pet Food Category 3 animal fats are essential raw materials for our pets' diets. They provide a source of energy and palatability but above all essential fatty acids. They are subject to strict requirements on sourcing and collecting, animal origin materials processing, and control. Category 3 animal fats cannot be easily replaced as a pet food ingredient.   The EU & The Pet Food Industry's Waste Hierarchy FEDIAF firmly believes that food, such as Category 3 animal fats, which is not intended for human consumption, should be repurposed according to the food waste hierarchy, i.e.:  pet food (re-use animal feed) rather than energy (recovery) as indicated below[ii].  This sits well above energy use in the EU's own hierarchy of most-preferable options for food waste disposal.     The Pet Food Industry and the Future Unfortunately, there is increasing pressure due to Category 3 animal fats being used in other sectors such as biofuels, which are much lower in terms of waste hierarchy.  The Pet Food Industry will continue to communicate the importance of Category 3 animal fats in pet food. They are vital ingredients, which contribute to our circular business model and they cannot easily be replaced.   Source: FEDIAF

Animal Ingredients Innovative FEED Act introduced in US House of Representatives

3+ MIN

Innovative FEED Act introduced in US House of Representatives

The Innovative Feed Enhancement and Economic Development (Innovative FEED) Act was introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives on December 7, a step toward establishing a regulatory pathway for a new category of animal feed additives. The bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate in June. The Innovative FEED Act would amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to allow for a new category of animal food substances that act solely within animals' gut microbiomes or in the feed they are digesting to provide a wide range of benefits, giving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the power it needs to ensure regulations keep pace with scientific innovation in feed, the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) said in a press release. 'The AFIA is excited that the Senate has already introduced the Innovative FEED Act and now, with the House introduction, the bill has the bipartisan and bicameral support we hoped for,' AFIA President and CEO Constance Cullman said. 'Now, we urge Congress to act quickly on the bill. The legislation will be the spark needed to drive nutritional innovation that improves animal health and production while addressing public health challenges. We need this modernized regulatory oversight instead of the current policy of overregulation. Any delay in enacting this legislation continues to put U.S. agriculture at a disadvantage compared to our global counterparts whose regulatory systems have evolved with the times.' The FDA's Center of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) regulates animal foods with drug claims, including environmental benefit or production claims and claims about the effects on the animal's microbiome. Many in the animal feed industry agree CVM's regulations are overly burdensome and that some rules are inconsistent and arbitrary, and that they put U.S. companies at a competitive disadvantage. They also say the regulations put U.S. dairy and beef producers at a disadvantage because they don't have broad access to these methane-reducing feed additives. Dozens of countries have already safely approved and started using these feed ingredients on farms, resulting in improved animal production, well-being, reduced pre-harvest food safety concerns, and a smaller environmental footprint, AFIA said. 'Competent authorities of our global competitors in Europe, Asia and South America already have updated their policies to allow feed products on the market that demonstrate increased efficiency in meat production as well as byproduct and waste reduction,' said David Fairfield, senior vice president of feed at the National Grain and Feed Association, in a statement. 'To compete in the global market, farmers and ranchers in the United States need access to innovative zootechnical animal food substances to improve animal production and well-being, diminish pre-harvest food safety concerns, and boost sustainability opportunities.' The AFIA has urged the FDA to modernize its outdated 1998 Policy and Procedures Manual Guide 1240.3605, which has hindered animal food manufacturers from clearly indicating non-nutritive benefits on labels without navigating the FDA's arduous drug approval process. There is a wide range of feed additives that have been shown to reduce enteric methane emissions by between 2% and 12% per year. These include seaweed, fatty acids, 3-Nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), oregano, tannins, nitrate, biochar, cinnamon, garlic and saponins. 'These ingredients have novel benefits that make a positive impact on our food production system, such as improving feed efficiency and reducing human foodborne illness," Fairfield said. "This legislation would provide food manufacturers with a pathway to make truthful, non-misleading production, environmental and well-being claims for animal foods that have been substantiated to provide such benefits more efficiently.' The Innovative FEED Act will bring about the necessary changes to ensure these additives are reviewed for safety and effectiveness as food additives, not drugs, and can more quickly come to market for U.S. farmers and ranchers to choose to use, AFIA said.  By AFIA Source . All Pet Food