13/03/2026

Gluten Intolerance in Dogs: Vet-Verified Signs, Causes & Care Guide  

While grain-free foods have grown in popularity, the likelihood of gluten sensitivities in dogs is extremely rare, with some dogs even suffering adverse effects from these diets. If you're worried that your dog is suffering from gluten intolerance, we'll explain what this entails, its prevalence, and how you can maintain your dog's health, comfort, and quality of life.
  What Is Gluten?
Gluten is a glycoprotein appearing in several grains, and gliadin is one of the primary proteins in gluten that causes irritation.1 Wheat contains substantial gluten levels, but the compound also exists in barley, rye, triticale, and malt. Rice and corn are among the most common gluten-free grains used in dog food, while other grains and starches, including flax, millet, buckwheat, quinoa, and soy, also lack gluten. Cross-contamination can result in some gluten-free grains, such as oats, to contain variable gluten levels.

  What Is Gluten Intolerance in Dogs?
Gluten intolerance can take a number of different forms in dogs, from the generic (and rare) wheat and gluten allergy, to more specific disorders.
  Wheat and Gluten Allergy
Wheat allergies are one of many food-related allergies that can cause a dog's immune system to mistakenly identify proteins (gluten or otherwise) as a potential threat. When mast cells in the skin, respiratory system, and digestive tract encounter the allergen, they release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, causing an inflammatory cascade that may cause both internal and external signs.
  Lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may occur from a dog's gluten intolerance. Increased concentrations of anti-gliadin antibodies can create a hypersensitivity to gluten-containing diets, which increases with repeated exposure.
  IBD is the most prevalent cause of recurrent vomiting and diarrhea in dogs, and LPE is the most common form of IBD. Dogs with LPE have excessive inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells, build up in the stomach and intestines, resulting in IBD signs.
  An immune response to gluten is only one of many possible causes of LPE, alongside other dietary intolerances (e.g., meat proteins, dairy), infections, and genetic factors. LPE can occur in any dog, with certain breeds, including German Shepherd Dogs and Shar-Peis, being more susceptible. Middle-aged and senior dogs are most prone to this, though dogs as young as 8 months can develop the condition.

Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (GSE) in Irish Setters
Researchers identified chronic enteropathies from autoimmune issues in a cohort of Irish Setters in the 1980s, though the processes involved differentiate it from human celiac disease. Signs typically appear at around 6 months. For dogs sensitive to gluten, gliadin doesn't necessarily spur an autoimmune response but does cause damage to the small intestine, with changes including:
 
All this promotes worsening nutrient absorption. Damage can ultimately lead to alterations in the gut microbiome. As these changes to the small intestine occur, hormonal shifts can eventually appear over time, and the intestinal lining may become more permeable, potentially leading to leaky gut syndrome.
  While affected dogs suffer more issues with digestion and uptake of vital nutrients into their system, they are also at greater risk of pathogens and toxins working their way into the bloodstream. Subsequent inflammation can occur throughout the body and open the dog up to numerous diseases.
  Paroxysmal Gluten-Sensitive Dyskinesia in Border Terriers
Paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia (PGSD) is a canine epileptoid cramping syndrome found in some Border Terriers. One study also showed an instance of PGSD in a young Yorkshire Terrier. Dogs suffering from this disorder show increased anti-gliadin antibodies, indicating a possible connection to immunological gluten sensitivity.
  PGSD causes varying signs while the dog is conscious. The primary effect is dyskinesia (uncontrolled movements, tremors, and twitching) in multiple limbs. Though it can appear similar to epilepsy, PGSD doesn't include the uncontrolled elimination or hypersalivation issues, loss of awareness, or postictal disorientation and lethargy that are common to seizures.
  Episodes last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. Affected dogs typically begin experiencing issues between 6 weeks and 7 years, often showing signs after rising while waking or during moments of stress or excitement.
What Are the Signs of Gluten Intolerance?
The signs of gluten intolerance can vary depending on whether it involves enteropathies, dyskinesia, or general grain allergies. If a dog has an allergy to wheat proteins (whether gluten or otherwise), they may show more familiar signs of an unnecessary immune response similar to other allergies, including:
    When dogs develop IBD, diarrhea and vomiting can result. Additional signs may include a poor body condition score due to weight loss and loss of appetite, abdominal pain, lethargy, and bloody stools.   Signs of GSE
Low bodyweight and a poor coat quality are some of the most apparent signs of the restricted nutrient absorption that comes with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. If this leads to leaky gut syndrome, dogs will show similar signs, including soft stools, flatulence, and vomiting. They can also develop chronic inflammation, skin problems, arthritis, and other advanced issues.

Signs of PGSD
Border Terriers suffering from PGSD suffer from ataxia, with some being unable to stand. They show several nervous signs in their movements, including:
 
PGSD can also present signs similar to allergies, including itchy skin and ears and frequent paw licking. Gastrointestinal signs also appear in roughly half of all cases, including loose stools, abdominal discomfort, and gas. Such issues may occur during or between episodes of dyskinesis.   What Are the Causes of Gluten Intolerance?
Generally, the underlying reasons for gluten intolerance in dogs, whether from allergies or otherwise, are idiopathic (the underlying cause is unknown), and still under investigation. Additionally, the gluten intolerance that generates enteropathies in Irish Setters isn't well understood. Since these dogs don't show obvious autoimmune markers, it becomes more likely that the issue is a genetic one.
  Diagnosing Gluten Intolerance in Your Dog
Vets perform various tests to hone in on the precise issues causing gluten intolerance. After performing a physical, your vet may do additional testing, including:
 
For dietary intolerances, your dog may go on an elimination diet to find the ingredients causing the issues. A hypoallergenic diet missing the allergen in question should resolve signs, and its reintroduction will make them return, allowing you to figure out what kind of foods to avoid.   How Do I Care for a Dog With Gluten Intolerance
The best solution for any gluten intolerance in your dog is to switch to a grain-free diet. Signs could resolve in only a few days or take a few months to disappear, as in the case of some Border Terriers with PGSD. Immediate signs may require intervention to reduce discomfort and avoid worsening damage.
  Dogs with severe gastroenteritis could need medications or intravenous fluid therapy. Immune system-suppressing medications can often help reduce the severity of anti-gliadin reactions. Vets may suggest prebiotics and probiotics to restore a healthy bacterial balance for dogs with altered gut microbiomes.
  If you need to speak with a vet but can't get to one, head over to PangoVet. It's our online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!
  Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How Common Is Gluten Intolerance in Dogs?
Gluten intolerance and allergies are relatively rare in dogs. Wheat-related allergies may be more common and possible in various breeds but are still unusual. According to a warningfield report, food allergies only appear in 0.2% of dogs, though others have shown a higher prevalence of 1%–2%. Allergies can occur from numerous ingredients, including (in order of prevalence):
  Beef Dairy Chicken Wheat Lamb Soy Corn
  One review of common allergens suggested that wheat allergies may only account for 13% of canine food-related allergies. Another calculated that only 0.05% of dogs have a food sensitivity. Extrapolating the occurrence of wheat allergies to the entire population, it determined they only occur in less than 0.01% of dogs.

Is Gluten-Free or Grain-Free Dog Food Better?
If your dog does not have a gluten intolerance or allergy, there is no specific medical reason to select a gluten-free food. However, dog foods containing a high proportion of gluten-containing ingredients such as grains and wheat, are not necessarily the best options anyway, as these are often included to make up calories at a lower cost. Although some grains are a healthy addition to your dog's diet, they shouldn't make up a significant proportion of their food.

  Completely grain-free dog foods have been linked to a possible increase in the incidence of cardiomyopathy in dogs, however, this link has not been proven. It does, however, suggest that grain-free doesn't necessarily mean healthier.   Conclusion
Canine gluten intolerance is uncommon, so if you suspect your dog may be having an adverse reaction to their food, simply switching to a gluten free diet probably won't solve the problem. If your dog is showing signs of a food intolerance, such as itchy skin, feet, and ears, or chronic diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss, it's best to have them assessed by your vet. Before making assumptions about the cause and potentially unnecessary lifestyle changes for your dog, discuss your dog's condition with your vet to get a thorough assessment and narrow down the problem. Fortunately, a straightforward diet change is often all you need to put your dog on the fast track to recovery and avoid ongoing issues. Source: Dogster

12/02/2026

Portion Control Unlocks Better Health for Your Four-Legged Friend

Why Portion Control Matters
Obesity is incredibly common in dogs and can significantly impact your furry friend's quality of life. The extra weight puts stress on their joints, bones, and muscles, often leading to painful arthritis. Beyond joint problems, obesity affects nearly every major organ system and can even shorten your dog's lifespan.
  The good news? Most cases of obesity in otherwise healthy dogs come down to feeding patterns. The most common culprits include free-choice feeding (leaving food out all day), offering high-fat diets, giving excessive treats or table scraps, and providing portions that are simply too large for your dog's needs.   The Power of Measured Meals
Portion control for canine obesity prevention is an excellent strategy. Instead of eyeballing your dog's food or filling the bowl until it looks 'about right,' take the time to actually measure their portions. This might seem like a small detail, but 'heaping' portions can easily add extra calories with each serving, sabotaging even your best intentions to keep your companion at a healthy weight.
  Work with your veterinarian to determine how many calories your dog needs daily. This calculation considers their age, whether they're spayed or neutered, their activity level, and their current body condition. Once you know the right amount, use an actual measuring cup—not just a scoop or your best guess.   What About Treats?
Treats are wonderful for training, bonding, and showing love to your four-legged family member. However, treats should only make up about 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake. Consider saving portions of their regular daily food to use as training rewards, or try low-calorie options like fresh vegetables such as peas. Many dogs appreciate the frequency of treats rather than the quantity, so even small portions can make them happy.
  While exercise is important and should definitely be part of your dog's routine, physical activity alone won't prevent obesity without proper dietary management. The combination of measured portions and regular activity is the winning formula.
  If you're unsure whether your dog is at a healthy weight or need help calculating the right portions, schedule a visit with your veterinarian. They can evaluate your dog's body condition and create a personalized feeding plan that works for your family.
  Portion control for canine obesity prevention works. Remember, helping your dog maintain a healthy weight through portion control is one of the greatest gifts you can give them—it promotes better health, increased longevity, and a higher quality of life for years to come. Source: Animal Wellness

23/03/2026

A to Z of Pet Food: Quality Assurance  

How Quality Assurance Protects the Food You Feed Your Pet   When you fill your dog or cat's bowl, you are doing more than providing a meal – you are placing your trust in the people and processes behind that food. At Pet Food Institute (PFI), that trust is built on quality, transparency, and rigorous safety at every stage of production.
  That is why quality assurance (QA) is at the heart of every step in the pet food industry. From ingredient sourcing to the final product on store shelves, QA systems ensure that pet food is safe, balanced, and made with the care and responsibility that pet owners expect.   Building Quality from the Ground Up   Quality assurance begins long before food is produced – it starts with ingredients. Pet food makers set detailed standards for every ingredient used in their products. Whether it's a protein source, grain, vitamin, or mineral, suppliers must meet strict criteria for purity and nutritional content.
  To confirm compliance, manufacturers often require their suppliers to follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and pass supplier audits. Ingredients are tested upon arrival to verify identity, composition, and the absence of harmful contaminants. Every ingredient can be traced back to its source, providing traceability and accountability throughout the supply chain.
  This commitment to traceability means that if a concern ever arises, pet food makers can quickly identify where an ingredient came from and where it was used – ensuring swift action and maintaining consumer confidence.   Ensuring Quality in Every Step of Production   Once ingredients are accepted, manufacturing takes place in highly controlled environments designed specifically for pet food safety. Pet food facilities operate under Current Good Manufacturing Processes in compliance with FSMA requirements. These globally recognized regulations ensure facilities are up-to-date and maintained in a manner to produce nutritious and high-quality pet food.
  At each step – mixing, cooking, drying, and packaging – technicians monitor key factors such as temperature, pressure, and moisture to ensure consistency and safety. Automated systems, sanitation protocols, and employee training all work together to maintain a clean and controlled process.
  Before products are released to retail, they undergo multiple layers of testing. Manufacturers analyze samples to confirm they meet nutrient guarantees, product standards, and quality parameters which ensure lot-to-lot consistency. Many also rely on independent third-party laboratories for verification, adding another layer of confidence.   Continuous Improvement: A Culture of Quality and Safety   Quality assurance is not a one-time activity – it's a continuous commitment. Pet food makers invest heavily in research, innovation, and employee training to stay ahead of evolving safety and nutrition science.
  Modern technologies, such as real-time monitoring and digital traceability systems, help QA teams identify and address issues faster than ever before. Facilities are routinely inspected, and staff receive training in sanitation, food handling, and process control. Manufacturers employ veterinarians, animal nutritionists, and food scientists who continually evaluate new innovations and formulations to optimize health benefits for pets.
  This focus on constant improvement reflects a shared industry value: protecting pet well-being through every step of production.   Transparency Builds Trust   Pet parents today want to know more about where their pets' food comes from, and that's a good thing. Transparency is a cornerstone of quality assurance.
  Manufacturers provide detailed information on the packaging labels about ingredients, nutritional facts, and feeding guidelines. Many also share insights online about their manufacturing practices, sustainability commitments, or quality programs. Batch codes and 'best by' dates on packaging link each product to specific production data, offering traceability right in your hands.
  In the rare event of a recall, these same systems allow companies to respond quickly and communicate clearly with retailers, veterinarians, and consumers. Swift, transparent action is key to maintaining confidence and ensuring pets remain safe.   Shared Responsibility: From the Factory to Your Home   While pet food makers uphold stringent standards, pet owners also play a role in maintaining food quality once it's purchased. Proper storage according to the label's instructions, such as keeping the product tightly sealed in the proper environment, helps protect freshness and prevent spoilage. Following feeding guidelines and checking expiration dates ensures your pet receives the right nutrition at its best quality.
  The partnership between manufacturers, regulators, veterinarians, and pet owners is what keeps pets healthy and active. Quality assurance is the foundation of that partnership – an ongoing promise that the food in your pet's bowl has been made with care, precision, and scientific integrity.   A Promise You Can Trust   For PFI and its member companies, pet food quality and safety are not just part of doing business – they are a shared responsibility and a heartfelt commitment. Every employee, from plant operators to nutrition scientists, understands the importance of the work they do – feeding pets safely and nourishing the bond they share with their families.
  So, when your dog or cat eagerly greets mealtime, you can take comfort in knowing that behind every bowl is a network of dedicated professionals, rigorous standards, and constant vigilance all working to protect the health and happiness of the pets we love. Source: Pet Food Institute

11/02/2026

Transforming Suppliers into Innovation Partners in the Pet Food Industry

Raw Materials: The Source of Major Risks   In recent years, many countries have reported multiple recall incidents involving animal feed products, and scientific literature confirms a pattern familiar the sector: most contamination in pet food results from inadequate monitoring of raw materials or from ingredients purchased without an adequate technical history (Witaszak et al., 2020; Cheli et al., 2020).
  The increasing onset of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, DON, fumonisins, and zearalenone, as well as other contaminants in dog and cat food, demonstrates that agricultural ingredients and animal by-products pose specific risks to food safety and quality (Witaszak et al., 2020). This data reinforces a fundamental point: there is no connected plant without a connected supplier.   The Limits of Isolated Control Within Factories   When a manufacturer, especially a smaller operation, tries to build an isolated quality control system without technical collaboration at the upstream stage, its limitations quickly become apparent. This is because the natural variability of ingredients, such as corn, protein meals, animal by-products, and oils, cannot be fully controlled through incoming inspection alone.
  According to food safety literature, raw material specifications are the cornerstones of risk prevention, yet continue to be neglected, particularly by smaller plants (Cheli et al., 2020). Many manufacturers operate with simplified raw material descriptions, without analytical limits, a statistical database, or a clear understanding of the specific risks associated with each origin or crop.   The Supplier as an Intelligent Link in the Chain   Precisely at this point, the supplier becomes not just an input vendor, but a truly intelligent link in the chain. Technical suppliers have access to internal databases, batch-by-batch analysis, variation curves, harvest records, seasonal monitoring, and certified industrial processes.
  When this data is shared, manufacturers gain immediate access to a layer of intelligence that would be extremely difficult to build on their own. What defines a truly connected plan is this structured information—a plant that is not only internally integrated but extended across the entire production chain (Integrated Mycotoxin Management System, 2021; Aung & Chang, 2014).    Joint Development of Technical Specifications   The joint development of technical specifications is a clear example of how this connection changes the landscape. Historical-based specifications are significantly more effective at reducing deviations than generic models applied to all sources (Cheli et al., 2020).
  A well-prepared supplier can help the manufacturer understand:
  The natural variability of ingredients. Expected limits of mycotoxins and other contaminants by region. Seasonal trends in moisture and composition. Appropriate analytical methods for each risk.
  This collaboration reduces unnecessary rejections, minimizes process variability, and lowers formulation costs.   Mycotoxins: An Example of Strategic Partnership   Collaboration becomes even more strategic in the case of mycotoxins, one of the critical contaminants in pet food. The BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey and other studies have shown that the presence of aflatoxins, DON, and fumonisins varies widely depending on season, region, and climatic conditions, reinforcing the need for continuous, shared monitoring (Cheli et al., 2020; Witaszak et al., 2020). In other words, a manufacturer that only analyzes what arrives at its gate is always reacting too late. Trend-based monitoring programs that consider seasonal patterns are far more effective than isolated analyses (Cheli et al., 2020). And who understands these trends better than the supplier, who follows the ingredient from the field through processing?   Traceability Starting with the Supplier   Connectivity is also reflected in traceability. The origin, production date, storage time, logistics route, laboratory analysis, and processing conditions are all part of the history of each batch that comes into the factory.
  When suppliers make these data available in a structured way—through QR codes, digital reports, or integrated systems—manufacturers operate with far greater speed and confidence. Upstream traceability is one of the weakest points in the global pet food supply chain, and the most efficient way to strengthen it is to ensure that the information flows from the supplier (Aung & Chang, 2014).   Training and Qualification as Part of Connectivity   This relationship is not limited to documentation; it extends to technical training. Many of the errors that lead small plants to accept irregular batches are the result of inadequate sampling, misinterpretation of reports, or lack of awareness of the most likely risks. Studies show that even basic training for receiving teams significantly reduces the intake of out-of-spec raw materials (Integrated Mycotoxin Management System, 2021).
  By providing these services, whether through training, consulting, or technical visits, suppliers effectively raise the plant's maturity level, helping it operate as a connected system even without major technological investments.   Hybrid Analytical Tools   The supplier-manufacturer connection translates into practical innovation through the use of hybrid analytical tools. When properly validated, rapid mycotoxin test kits correlate well with confirmatory methods and are recommended as part of contaminant detection systems (Cheli et al., 2020).
  Small plants can adopt an efficient combination: rapid screening upon receipt, periodic validation in an accredited laboratory, and continuous analytical reports provided by the upstream partner. This approach reduces waste, accelerates decision-making, and enables more intelligent use of resources.   Conclusion   The literature also shows that plants operating with shared supplier data achieve better production predictability and lower cost variability (Integrated Mycotoxin Management System, 2021).
  When suppliers and manufacturers operate as a single information network, the industry obtains safety, predictability, innovation, and competitiveness. The global pet food market—ever more demanding and risk-sensitive—depends on this intelligent integration, which begins before the production line and ends with safe, traceable, and stable food reaching the bowl.
  By Ludmila Barbi Trindade Bomcompagni – All Pet Food
Source: All Pet Food Magazine
  References Aung, M. M., & Chang, Y. S. (2014). Trazabilidad en una cadena de suministro alimentaria: perspectivas de seguridad y calidad. Control de Alimentos, 39 años, 172184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.007 Cheli, F., Campagnoli, A., Dell'Orto, V. (2020). Herramientas de gestión de la contaminación por micotoxinas y estrategias eficientes en la industria de los piensos. Toxinas, 12(8), 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080480 Witaszak, N., Waśkiewicz, A., Bocianowski, J., & Stępień, Ł. (2020). Contaminación de la comida para mascotas con micobiota y micotoxinas de fusarium—Céntrate en perros y gatos. Toxinas, 12(2), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020130 Sistema integrado de gestión de micotoxinas en la cadena de suministro de piensos: enfoques innovadores. (2021). Toxinas, 13(8), 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080572

By Ludmila Barbi T. Bomcompagni

21/08/2025

The Cat Food Conundrum: Is Your Feline's Diet Making Them Fat?

This study, which reviewed cat food labels in Canada, compared the recommended serving sizes with widely used caloric calculations of how many calories cats truly need to maintain a healthy weight. The results are a real eye-opener!  
  For a typical 3-5 kg (6.6 – 11 lb) cat, the suggested "low" amount on many labels was often less than what even an inactive cat requires. Conversely, the "high" end of the recommended range frequently exceeded the needs of a lean, healthy cat. This means that simply following the instructions on the bag (or can) could easily lead to your cat being underfed or, more commonly, overfed. 
  Even though there are no legal regulations (or even recommendations) on how feeding guidelines should be calculated, the study noted that the inconsistencies aren't random. The type of food, such as 'all-life stages,' which is designed for all ages, from kittens to seniors, often has higher calorie recommendations, which are needed for a growing kitty, but might be too much for an adult cat. Another example is using vague measurements like "cups" instead of grams makes it harder to feed accurately. In my clinical days, when a pet owner replied that they fed their pet a 'cup,' I regularly asked them what their definition of a cup was. Why? Because not all cups are created equally: coffee cup, red solo cup, big water cups, and of course, the measuring cup – which leads to further questioning of whether it was loosely scooped or packed; was it level with the top of the cup or a mound? All of these can greatly alter the daily calories consumed (see more in the article on my profile). 
  A small 5% deviation in a pet's daily calorie intake can lead to an extra pound of fat for a cat in a month! Yikes! Now, we can see how the obesity epidemic isn't just "creeping up"—it's in full, undeniable force. 
  So, what does this mean for you and your beloved kitty cat?  
  It means that the feeding guide is just that: a guide. It shouldn't be the final word. The reality is that every cat is an individual with unique needs. Factors like their age, activity level, whether they're spayed or neutered, and even their environment all play a role in their daily calorie need.  
  By assessing your cat's specific needs by age, activity level, and body condition score, we can proactively calculate how many calories a pet needs and begin to feed accordingly. To help with this, using a gram scale to weigh your pet's food can hone in on providing your cat with the appropriate amount of food, or when you'd rather not be a mad scientist, finding an appropriate 'cup' and measuring a level scoop is a step in the right direction. 
  Cat obesity is a growing concern, leading to various health problems like diabetes, arthritis, and even shorter lifespans. It's a problem we, as owners, can directly influence. BSM Partners can help evaluate feeding guidelines with their team of nutritionists and veterinarians, draft guidelines that can help overcome the flawed feeding regime, and assist customer service to help a brand's pet parents feed the appropriate amount. Stop the silent epidemic by taking a stand to educate owners on proper feeding requirements for pets.  


By Dr. Stephanie Clark, PhD, CVT, PAS, CFS, Dpl. ACAS, VTS (Nutrition)
Source: BSM Partners
  About the Author
Dr. Stephanie Clark is a board-certified companion animal nutritionist, veterinary nurse and nutrition specialist, a pet owner, and a mother who had a baby during the formula shortage. She has spent the past almost two decades dedicating her career to the welfare of pets, livestock, and wildlife. She currently provides nutritional consultations for veterinary clinics and works in the pet food industry.

30/07/2025

Can I feed dog food to my cat?

Cats and dogs are different!
Dog food provides all the nutrients a dog needs to stay healthy, but they are not formulated to provide the additional nutrients that cats need in their diet. Although cats and dogs belong to the same order Carnivora together with species like bears or Giant panda, the dog's feeding behaviour is omnivorous, while the cat is a true carnivore. This means that cats must have certain nutrients in their diet that are only found in animal based ingredients.
  Dogs developed various metabolic traits which allow them to utilize carbohydrates and to synthesize certain nutrients found in animal based ingredients from plant sources (e.g. vitamin A from beta-carotene). Cats have specific nutritional needs that dogs do not have. A complete and balanced diet designed for dogs may not provide the same nutrients at sufficient levels for cats.
  Protein
Dietary Protein is required by both dogs and cats for energy, growth and repair. Cats require a higher amount than dogs during both growth and adult maintenance, due to increased enzyme activity. In addition, cats are less able to down-regulate their rate of protein breakdown when presented with a diet low in protein. For this reason, most cat food tends to contain more protein than dog food.
  Arginine is an amino acid, one of the building blocks of proteins. The cat is very sensitive to even a single meal free of arginine. In the absence of arginine in the diet, nitrogen cannot be efficiently metabolized through the urea cycle and can lead to death from ammonia intoxication in cats. Dogs are less sensitive to arginine free diet and can at least partially use an alternative amino acid, ornithine, to complete the urea cycle.
  Taurine
Taurine is another amino acid that is distributed throughout most body tissues. Taurine is important for healthy functioning of the heart, retina, bile fluid and certain aspects of reproduction. Cats must eat preformed taurine and since taurine is not found in plants, cats must consume animal-based ingredients to obtain it. Unlike cats, in the absence of dietary taurine, dogs are able to manufacture enough taurine from other amino acids to meet their needs.
  Vitamins A and B3 (niacin)
Vitamin A is required at the cellular level by both cats and dogs, and is essential for healthy vision and a healthy skin. Cats lack the enzymes to break down plant-produced carotenoids and must eat preformed Vitamin A that can only be found in food of animal origin. Dogs have enzymes in the lining of the intestine that can break down plant carotenoids and convert these into active Vitamin A.
  Niacin is an essential B vitamin required by the cat and dog for skin and coat health, and for healthy metabolism. However, the cat can only obtain niacin by eating the preformed vitamin, and unlike the dog, cannot convert tryptophan, a dietary amino acid, to niacin. Meat and fish are great sources of niacin. The dog obtains niacin in two ways, either by converting tryptophan into niacin or by eating preformed niacin.
  Cats need animal fat
Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid that plays a vital role in fat utilisation and energy production. The cat cannot convert sufficient levels of other fatty acids such as linoleic acid from plants to arachidonic acid even when the diet is rich in linoleic acid, because the cat liver does not have the sufficient enzyme activity.
  Dogs can make their own arachidonic acid from other essential fatty acids and therefore in the dog, unlike the cat, arachidonic acid is not considered an essential nutrient.
  What does it all mean?
It is important that the cat is fed cat food that is complete and balanced for their particular nutritional needs. The requirements and often the taste preferences of the dog and cat are different. This is why pet food manufacturers offer both dog food and cat food.
  By choosing to feed your cat a nutritionally complete and balanced cat food (and water!), all the nutrition is taken care of and you can be confident that your cat is getting everything it needs in its food for a healthy and active life.
  Download the factsheet.


Source: FEDIAF