Latest content from Ingredients

Optimizing Palatability Across Life Stages: Understanding the Link Between First Choice and Intake Ratio in Dogs and Cats
Palatants

3+ MIN

Optimizing Palatability Across Life Stages: Understanding the Link Between First Choice and Intake Ratio in Dogs and Cats

This study emphasizes the importance of developing palatants formulations that cater to pets' distinct taste sensitivities, nutritional requirements and enjoyment across life stages, ultimately supporting the health and well-being of both cats and dogs. Based on over 1,500 two-bowl palatability assessments trials conducted for both species, cats and dogs, this research provided a robust pool of data, based on real-world data across a broad population of cats and dogs in different life stages.   Key Findings   Our research highlighted key palatability factors influencing preference, through controlled feeding trials and preference assessments. We evaluated the effectiveness of various palatability parameters across each life stage and species, taking a number of flavour enhancement strategies addressing palatability improvement. Palatability is known to drive acceptability and consumption of pet food. Two critical indicators identified aligned with pets' life stage were: Intake Ratio: The proportion of the food offered is actually consumed. First Choice: Which product a pet chooses first when given multiple options, driven primarily by aroma.   In the present study, it was observed that both metrics are influenced by a pet's sensory perception, which is believed to change with age. One of the key findings is that first choice, related to aroma perception, is not only positively correlated with intake ratio, but also, in particular for cats from young age through adulthood and into senior years, the observed correlation is considerably high (>0.87) across all life stages (Figure 1).
  Results: Correlation Insights Across Life Stages   The relationship between first choice and intake ratio is based on data from over 1,500 two-bowl assessments for both dogs and cats. The results demonstrated clear patterns of correlation strength varying by life stage for both studied animal species.        Figure 1: Scatter plots with the correlation between First Choice and Intake Ratio for cats according to life stages (young, adult and senior).        Figure 2: Scatter plots with the correlation between First Choice and Intake ratio for dogs according to life stages (young, adult and senior).   These results show that in dogs, first choice becomes a stronger predictor of intake as the animals mature, peaking in adulthood, while for cats, a consistently high correlation across all life stages indicates strong alignment between initial preference and overall consumption, even in younger animals. In the following table the correlation factors, between intake ratio and first choice, are captured for both cats and dogs, across the 3 life stages, studied.    Table 1: Correlation (r-square) between FC and IR for cat and dog according with life stages.   Conclusion   The insights provided suggest that, while both species respond well to targeted palatants, life stage-specific adjustments are particularly impactful in dogs, especially in young animals where palatability preferences may still be developing. In cats, first choice was significantly positively correlated with intake ratio, for cats from young age through adulthood and into senior years. Palatability isn't one-size-fits-all. As dogs and cats grow, their sensory needs evolve and so should the approach. By considering first choice and intake ratio in the context of life stage, it's possible to deliver more appealing, effective and differentiated pet food products.   To learn more about this topic, or to speak with our Science & Technology experts, please reach out to your AFB Sales representative or afbinternational.com/contact.   By: AFB International Source: All Pet Food Magazine

Plasma: The Functional, Natural Miracle Ingredient for Dogs and Cats!
Other microingredients

2+ MIN

Plasma: The Functional, Natural Miracle Ingredient for Dogs and Cats!

When buying pet food, treats, and supplements, modern pet parents don't just look for quality ingredients or complete and balanced nutrition. They also place emphasis on things like functional ingredients with health benefits. Plasma is a clean, natural, and highly digestible nutrient source that stands out as a functional ingredient because it benefits health and helps the planet. Learn more about plasma, how it supports whole-body health, and great products that feature it.   Plasma Supports Human Health and Pet Health
Plasma is the liquid component of blood. So when you donate blood, you're giving plasma, a life-saving gift used around the world every day to help people survive and thrive. And just like plasma supports human health, so too can it play a meaningful role in pet health and nutrition. Plasma sourced from pigs and cattle is collected and dried, preserving the amino acids, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and highly digestible proteins. It's a tasty, functional ingredient that can be added to pet foods, treats, and supplements to support vitality, well-being, and everyday health.   Adding Plasma to a Dog's or Cat's Diet Is Good for the Whole Body
Plasma about 70% to 80% protein, so you can see right away one of the main benefits for dogs and cats. Four-legged family members rely on protein-rich diets to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support overall growth, function, and energy. Beyond that, plasma also contains a myriad of other beneficial compounds, including:
  Amino acids Electrolytes Minerals Antibodies Immunoglobulins Bioactive peptides Growth factors
  Together, these compounds have a systemic effect, supporting the immune system and its ability to respond to stress and inflammation. They also help with digestive health, the gut microbiome, nutrient absorption, muscle development, skin and coat health, and energy levels.
  What's more, plasma is a valuable byproduct of meat processing. Reclaiming plasma from the meat industry reduces waste, minimizes environmental impacts, and supports a more efficient food system.
  Easy Ways to Add Plasma to Your Dog's or Cat's Diet
Plasma is a powerful, natural, sustainable ingredient that supports canine and feline health at every life stage. It delivers essential nutrients, helps manage stress and inflammation, supports immunity, and promotes overall vitality, keeping dogs and cats active, resilient, and thriving. When you add food, treats, and supplements with plasma to their diet, you're supporting whole-body health for them and helping the planet too.
  Visit APC to learn more about plasma for pet health!
  Source: Animal Wellness

Protein in Food Allergies
Proteins

2+ MIN

Protein in Food Allergies

How often do pets have food allergies?   The worldwide prevalence of food allergies is increasing among people,1 but food allergies are considered uncommon in dogs and cats. It may seem more common in pets because many other health conditions have similar symptoms.2-4

Statistics about pets' food allergy prevalence can add to that misperception because the numbers vary depending on the reason for a pet's veterinary exam: only 1% of cats seen for a general health exam were diagnosed with food allergy, yet 21% of cats presented for itchy skin had the same diagnosis. 5,6      What causes food allergies?   Food allergies occur when an individual's immune system responds to a harmless food as a harmful 'invader.' This immune response differentiates food allergies from dietary intolerance, or food poisoning, which do not involve the immune system.

When food allergies do occur, the most common trigger is a protein. No particular protein is hypoallergenic. An allergic response is the result of an individual's immune reaction to the size or structure of a protein and is driven, in part, by prior exposure to the protein.3, 7-9

While ingredients such as grains have also been reported to cause food allergies, studies show it is the protein component of the grain that typically triggers the reaction.10

Grains are not among the most reported food allergens in either dogs or cats.

In dogs the top three food allergens are proteins from beef, dairy or chicken. In cats, the most commonly reported food allergens are from beef, chicken or fish.9     What role does nutrition play in food allergies?   The gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy is a dietary elimination trial that combines one protein and one carbohydrate to which the pet has not previously been exposed.8 Studies show that allergy tests based on samples from skin, blood, saliva or hair produce unreliable results.11-14

Selecting novel proteins is not always easy; new protein sources may cross-react with the original allergen, and many pets have multiple food hypersensitivities.15,16 Diets must also be nutritionally complete and balanced, and ideally, be easy to feed during an 8-12 week dietary trial, or for long-term maintenance.

Feeding hydrolyzed protein diets can offer a convenient, nutritionally complete and balanced strategy for reducing food allergenicity.17-19   How do hydrolyzed proteins help manage food allergies?   Hydrolysis is a process that breaks proteins into smaller pieces. 'Ultra hydrolyzed' proteins are reduced to very small pieces. This process changes the size and structure of the protein— key factors in determining a protein's allergenicity.

In general, adverse immune reactions to a food ingredient require an allergen—typically a protein—large enough to crosslink receptors on the surface of specific immune cells. The altered size and structure of hydrolyzed proteins do not crosslink these cell surface receptors to trigger an immune response.7  
As an additional benefit, hydrolyzed proteins have increased digestibility, which can reduce inflammatory gut conditions.20 Source: Purina Institute

Baked Biscuits Utilizing Spray Dried Plasma Products
Other microingredients

2+ MIN

Baked Biscuits Utilizing Spray Dried Plasma Products

Background Information   Spray dried plasma (SDP) or Cravings (hydrolyzed plasma) are high-protein ingredients utilized in pet food for functional texture properties, enhancing palatability, or supporting overall health.   Study Objective   The study objective was to evaluate how SDP or Cravings inclusion impacts texture and palatability of baked biscuits utilizing wheat gluten.   Experimental Procedure   The study evaluated palatability and texture of baked biscuits utilizing 1% SDP or Cravings to replace wheat gluten in control formula. Palatability testing was conducted with 20 dogs for a 2-day test. Different ingredient sources and processing conditions were used in each study accounting for differences in texture of final product.
  Baked biscuits were made by preparing the dough utilizing a KitchenAid mixer equipped with a dough hook, rolling out by hand to a set depth and size, and then baking to moisture level of less than 10%. Three replicate batches of each formula were completed for analysis per study.
  Texture was measured on a TA.XT Plus utilizing an adjustable bridge with a rounded-end knife probe for a 3-point bend. Baked biscuits of 2 cm × 7 cm were placed over the two-bridge span spaced 2.5 cm apart to measure maximum force to break (hardness), fracturability, and stiffness to determine texture. Five baked biscuits per treatment were analyzed for texture from each replicate batch. Digital calipers were utilized to measure biscuit dimensions and volume.   Proof of Concept: Test Formula
    Results: Texture
 
Results: Palatability
 
Summary
SDP and Cravings can be incorporated into baked biscuits as a processing aide to impact texture depending on ingredient matrix and target, while SDP also improves palatability. Overall, both SDP and Cravings can be an alternative to vital wheat gluten to maintain or enhance product quality.
  By Joy Campbell and Angela Smith - APC
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

Impact of Insect Protein Meals on Pet Food Palatability
Palatants

7+ MIN

Impact of Insect Protein Meals on Pet Food Palatability

This article will focus on the incorporation of insect protein meals into pet food and the evaluation of its impact to palatability in dogs and cats' diets by analyzing the last public research available on this topic.   Insect Materials as Pet Food Ingredients
Last decade, the use of insect ingredients as balanced sources of proteins and fats has become a global reality. In each continent, we can find research centers and universities with projects focused on insect materials and their use in humans, livestock and pet food diets.
  Big scale production has also improved, so big hurdles to becoming profitable for producers and affordable for customers are about to be overcome. This positions insect meals and oils as relevant sources of proteins and lipids for the pet food industry.²
  Insect ingredients not only meet the nutritional requirements for pets but are also a great tool for claiming sustainability, lower carbon footprint and innovative ingredients, just to name a few.³
  While insect proteins can have a lower environmental footprint than most animal proteins, this is not as significant for the pet food industry, since pet foods mainly incorporate low environmental impact animal by-products from the rendering industry.⁴
  Currently, the main sources of insect oils and meals are black soldier fly, mealworm and cricket. They are considered as good alternative protein sources and mostly have adequate amino acid levels, meeting the standard requirements for dogs and cats.⁵
  In insect materials, protein is the nutrient composing the largest fraction, with values ranging from 40% to more than 60 % on a dry matter basis.
  Fat makes up the second largest fraction, and generally, insect materials contain lower levels of ash compared to other animal protein sources (see Table 1). Insects are also packed with micronutrients, including iron, zinc, calcium, and B-vitamins, which are vital for various bodily functions.⁶
  Table 1. Average nutrient composition of selected form of insects on a dry matter basis.   One key property of insect ingredients is that it is possible to modulate their nutritional composition by changing the feeding during the insect rearing. Several studies confirmed this by investigating the impact of different diets on the content and amino acid profile, lipids and other nutrients in insect protein meals and oils. Consequently, we could find insect meals and oils from the same species but with a different amino acid profile or fatty acid profile.¹² Therefore, insects represent versatile raw materials for the pet food industry with fast growing expectations in the market.
  As per Rabobank's research of 2021, see Figure 1, the global volume of insect ingredients incorporated in feed and pet food is expected to grow up to 500K MT by 2030, predicting pet food to be the second largest market.¹³
  Figure 1. Increase of the insect production and use in feed and pet food.   According to a review done in 2023, there are 43 insect-based pet food brands active around the globe, 35 of which are operating in Europe. Black soldier fly and mealworm are the most used species in pet foods.¹⁴
  Despite the various advantages of using insect ingredients there are other aspects that must be evaluated when applying them in pet food. This includes potential allergic reactions, contamination risks during production, stability and shelf-life concerns and the ability to meet the nutritional needs of cats and dogs in a specific recipe.   Insect Ingredients Effect on Palatability
Another important factor and key to the success of a diet is 'palatability'. Palatability is a critical factor in pet food acceptance. Cats are notoriously picky eaters, and their willingness to consume food is influenced by its taste, aroma, and texture. Therefore, understanding how insect protein affects these sensory attributes is essential.
  Insects have unique flavor profiles that can vary significantly between species. For instance, crickets have a nutty taste, while mealworms can be more neutral. These flavors can be both an advantage and a challenge when formulating palatable pet foods.
  Edible insects were first promoted as a sustainable method for food waste bioconversion, and it seems this practice is already implemented in Asia. However, how the heterogeneity of food waste sources affect fat oxidation, flavor and palatability of the final insect meal for pets is not well understood.
  To maintain or improve palatability, manufacturers use flavor enhancers, fats, and other ingredients to mask or complement the natural taste of insect protein. For example, adding chicken fat or liver flavor can make insect-based pet food more appealing.
  Currently there is limited reliable research on palatability of insects in pet foods, but we expect more long-term research to be done in the coming years to allow a standard and better evaluation of this factor. However, we could find in the literature some interesting palatability studies thanks to a review done by Bosch and Swanson.¹⁵
  Some studies found that regarding palatability of insects, dogs and cats showed different preferences depending on the insect species and the inclusion rate of the insect ingredients.
  In 2018, Beynen reported that dogs showed a preference for dry foods containing black soldier fly larvae meal over those with yellow mealworm meal (intake ratio of 60:40; n=10), whereas cats preferred the yellow mealworm-based food (40:60; n=10). Both insect meals represented 30 % of the total crude protein in these diets.¹⁶
  In 2020 Kilburn et al. showed that a banded cricket meal inclusion rate of 8, 16 or 24 % in extruded pet foods did not affect the intake in dogs (n=8).¹⁷
  Regarding cats' palatability, Paßlack and Zentek published in 2018 that 3 out of 10 cats had refused a food containing 35 % black soldier fly meal and 3 cats had an intake between 78 and 87 % of the food offered.¹⁸
  For a food containing 22 % black soldier fly meal, one cat vomited and then refused the food completely and two cats had lower food intakes (83 and 88%).¹⁷
  In cats fed a diet containing 5 or 20 % of black soldier fly meal for 2 days (n=20 per diet), 38 and 54 % of food was consumed. None of the cats rejected the 5% black soldier fly diet, whereas one cat rejected the 20 % black soldier fly meal diet.   Future Prospects of Insect Protein in Pet Nutrition
Insect protein represents a promising frontier in pet nutrition, offering a nutritious alternative to traditional proteins. The impact of insect protein on pet food palatability is a critical factor that manufacturers are actively addressing through research, innovation, and consumer feedback.
  While insect protein holds great promise, there are challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its widespread adoption in the pet food industry.
By Cristina Murcia García, PhD, Technical Service Manager | Kemin Nutrisurance EMEA
Source: Kemin Pet Food & Rendering

About the author
Dr. Cristina Murcia García gained her PhD in Chemistry with focus on red-ox reactions from the University of Bonn (Germany). Since then, she has specialized in managing oxidation in rendering and pet food products. She works as Technical Service Manager for Kemin Nutrisurance Europe where she provides solutions to improve raw materials and pet food safety and shelf-life.
References
1 World Resources Institute 2 FAO. 2022. Is the time ripe for using insect meal in aquafeeds? Bangkok 3 FEDIAF Fact sheet 2024. Insect-based ingredients in pet food 4 EFPRA – White Paper, Life Cycle Assessment of Rendered Products 5 Van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., et al. 2013. Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 6 Rumpold, B.A., Schluter, O.K. 2013.Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 57, 802–823; and *Kemin Internal Documents 7 Makkar, H. et al. 2014. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 197, 1–33 8 Rumpold, B.A., Schluter, O.K. 2013. Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res.  57, 802–823 9 Ramos-Elorduy, J., Pino Moreno, J.M., Correa, S.C.1998. Edible insects of the state of Mexico and determination of their nutritive values. Zoologia, 69, 65–104. 10 Józefiak, D., Józefiak, A., Kiero ´nczyk, B., Rawski, M., Swi ˛atkiewicz, S., Długosz, J., Engberg, R.M. 2016. Insects—A natural nutrient ´ source for poultry—A review. Ann. Anim. Sci. 16, 297–313. 11 Kemin Internal documents 12 Biancarosa, I., Araujo, P., Biemans, D., Bruckner, C.G., Waagbø, R., Torstensen, B.E., Lock, E.J. 2017. Modulation of nutrient composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding seaweed-enriched media. PLoS One.  Aug 24;12(8) 13 Rabobank research, 2021 14 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, ISSN: 1226-8615, Vol: 26, Issue: 1, Page: 102020, 2023 15 Bosch, G., Swanson, K. S. 2021. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 7(5): 795-805 16 Beynen, A.C., 2018. Insect-based petfood. Creature Companion: 40-41 17 Kilburn, L.R., Carlson, A.T., Lewis, E. and Rossoni Serao, M.C., 2020. Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) meal fed to healthy adult dogs does not affect general health and minimally impacts apparent total tract digestibility. Journal of Animal Science 98: 1-8. 18 Paßlack, N. and Zentek, J., 2018. Akzeptanz, Verträglichkeit und scheinbare Nährstoffverdaulichkeit von Alleinfuttermitteln auf Basis von Hermetia-illucens-Larvenmehl bei Katzen. Tierärztliche Praxis Kleintiere 46: 213-221


Vitamins

Vitamins Inflexible Formulations: What Vitamin & Amino Acid Supply Disruption Could Mean for Pet Food
 

3+ MIN

Inflexible Formulations: What Vitamin & Amino Acid Supply Disruption Could Mean for Pet Food  

Recent discussions around vitamin and amino acid supply chains highlight a critical issue: these nutrients are not optional in pet food. Like the animal protein sector, they are foundational to animal health, but for pet food they are also integral to product integrity and regulatory compliance. For the pet food sector, even small disruptions can have outsized impacts.   The Nutritional and Formulation Challenge
Pet food is governed by strict nutrient requirements. In the U.S., dog and cat foods must meet defined nutrient profiles that specify minimum levels of essential vitamins and amino acids per pound of product. This means formulation is not simply about substituting ingredients; it is about maintaining precise nutritional balance. When supply disruptions occur, nutritionists are forced into complex reformulation decisions, which I describe as, 'solving a Rubik's Cube' -- adjusting one component inevitably affects multiple others. 
  Ingredient shifts can alter digestion, stability and overall product performance. When key vitamins or amino acids become scarce, manufacturers may need to modify formulations, and those changes carry real risk. Nutrient imbalances may impact gut health, skin and coat quality or long-term wellness. Changes in ingredient composition can also affect palatability and food intake, which pet owners will quickly notice. At the same time, reformulations may jeopardize label claims, certifications or even patented formulations. 
  Pets, particularly cats, have unique nutritional requirements that heighten the stakes of supply disruption. Taurine, for example, is essential for cats, and inadequate levels can lead to serious health conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy. Nutrient interactions, such as those involving thiamine and amino acid balance, can create cascading formulation challenges. Certain dog breeds also require careful amino acid fortification to avoid health complications. These sensitivities mean that even temporary shortages can have real biological consequences if not managed carefully. 
  The risks become even more pronounced in veterinary therapeutic diets, which are designed as part of a broader health management plan; for example, renal diets for kidney support. When supply disruptions force the use of alternative or endogenous nutrient sources, unintended consequences may arise, including the introduction of unwanted co-nutrients, reduced bioavailability or conflicts with the intended therapeutic outcome. In these cases, formulation changes are not just technical, they are clinical decisions with direct implications for animal health. 
  Alternative ingredient strategies often rely on endogenous sources or complex co-products. While these can help bridge supply gaps, they introduce new uncertainties around nutrient availability, digestibility and additional nutrients that must be managed. In pet food, even small ingredient swaps can significantly alter the overall formula, increasing the risk to product design and performance.    A Supply Chain Issue with System-Wide Implications
One of the most important realities is that pet food does not operate in isolation. The same supply chains that support livestock production and human nutrition also supply companion animal diets. 
  As a result, disruptions in vitamin and amino acid production affect multiple sectors simultaneously. Increased costs or limited availability upstream in protein production ultimately translate into higher costs and tighter constraints downstream in pet food. This interconnectedness underscores a broader point: pet food is part of a larger food security system in North America. 
  While rising costs are a concern, the more fundamental challenge is maintaining supply stability. Pet food formulations are not easily or frequently changed due to regulatory requirements, labeling and packaging constraints, product claims and certifications and intellectual property considerations. Because of these constraints, the industry cannot simply adjust on the fly. Stability in ingredient supply is essential to maintaining consistent, safe and compliant products. 
  Ensuring a stable supply of vitamins and amino acids is critical to the future of the pet food industry. This will require coordinated efforts across agriculture, ingredient manufacturing and regulatory systems. Without that stability, the industry faces increasing pressure on formulation integrity, product performance and ultimately animal health. 
  The question is not just how to respond to disruption, but how to build a more resilient supply chain that supports pets, producers, and consumers alike.  Source: IFEEDER

Proteins Symrise Invests in Bond Pet Foods to Accelerate Sustainable Innovation in Pet Nutrition Via Precision Fermentation
 

2+ MIN

Symrise Invests in Bond Pet Foods to Accelerate Sustainable Innovation in Pet Nutrition Via Precision Fermentation  

Symrise today announced a strategic equity investment in Bond Pet Foods, a U.S.-based biotechnology company that uses precision fermentation to produce animal-identical proteins complementing the existing pet food portfolio of Symrise. The partnership supports Symrise's ambition to develop biotech-enabled ingredients that work better for pets and the planet, strengthening the long-term competitiveness and sustainability leadership of Symrise Pet Food.
  With this partnership, Symrise will leverage Bond Pet Foods' technology to help address key industry challenges, including supply-chain continuity and growing consumer demand for sustainable products that diversify the source of pet food ingredients. For pet food manufacturers, the collaboration aims to broaden access to high-quality proteins while supporting resilience and responsible sourcing.
  'This investment marks an important step in advancing our strategy to develop next-generation sustainable ingredients with biotechnology. By combining Bond's fermentation capabilities with Symrise's application expertise and market insight, we can deliver high-performance nutrition solutions and create new growth opportunities for our customers,' said Diego Maurizio, General Manager, Palatability & Nutrition Business Line at Symrise.
  Founded in 2017, Bond Pet Foods develops animal-identical proteins for pet nutrition using precision fermentation. The company has progressed its platform through several development agreements, building expertise in bringing novel protein ingredients toward real-world application.
  'We have put great effort into building a new way to produce animal-identical proteins for pet food applications. Now, we find it exciting to see that work gaining traction across the industry", said Rich Kelleman, CEO of Bond Pet Foods. "Partnering with Symrise marks an important step forward bringing their deep expertise in pet nutrition and taste to further expand how our ingredients perform and can be used by pet food manufacturers,'
  "This investment advances our ambition to scale biotechnology across our business. With this, we aim at effectively supporting long-term resilience, portfolio diversification, and a stronger innovation pipeline", says Walter Ribeiro, President Taste, Nutrition & Health at Symrise. "By helping our customers develop more sustainable pet food formulations, the collaboration reinforces Symrise's sustainability commitments and consumer-driven innovation strategy." Source: Symrise AG
About Bond Pet Foods Bond Pet Foods is a Boulder, Colorado-based company using precision fermentation to produce animal-identical proteins for the pet food industry. By combining yeast fermentation with food science, Bond creates high-quality animal-identical proteins that meet the nutritional needs of dogs and cats, while supporting a more sustainable and resilient food system.
  Bond supplies these ingredients to pet food manufacturers for use in food, treat, and supplement applications.
  The company's investors include leading funds and organizations across the biotechnology, ingredient, and pet nutrition sectors, including Genoa Ventures, Lever VC, ADM Ventures, Cavallo Ventures (Wilbur-Ellis), Agronomics, Thia Ventures, KBW Ventures, iSelect Fund, Stage 1 Fund, Plug and Play Ventures and Symrise North America. www.bondpets.com


Formulation

Formulation Precision Innovation in Pet Food

4+ MIN

Precision Innovation in Pet Food

Innovation in pet food is an evolving topic driven by trends, including pet humanization, sustainability, and the pursuit of improved nutrition. Innovations in pet food production and processing aim to enhance specific nutrition, functional health, and digestive performance by using the right amount of bioactive compounds and nutrients. We will address this issue from the perspective of ingredient innovation.
  Protein is one of the most important compounds for pet parents when purchasing pet food. Innovation is not the exception to this nutrient in the formulation process. Animal proteins (chicken, lamb, fish, etc.) are the most commonly used, but there are some alternatives. Moreover, others are in the initial implementation phase or used only in a few segments: 
  Insect proteins: Cricket flour, black soldier fly larvae, etc. are highly digestible, sustainable sources, rich in proteins and with less environmental impact.
  Vegetable proteins: Different from traditional sources, such as soybean paste. Nowadays, it is not surprising to see lentils, chickpeas, peas, and/or quinoa, among others.
  Cell culture: Cultured meat for super-premium food is being studied.
  Emerging functional ingredients are another important aspect of innovation in nutrients. They are not only nutritious but also beneficial for health. Sometimes, they result in superfoods that are detailed below:
  Spirulina, chia seeds, and blueberries were widely used in the pet food industry due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.  
  Prebiotics, such as FOS (fructooligosaccharides), MOS (mannan oligosaccharide), XOS (xylooligosaccharides), and beta-glucans are known as gastrointestinal microbiome enhancers that improve the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. 
  Probiotics are microorganisms that help the digestive system and the gut microbiome. Innovation in pet food is associated with probiotic capsules or spore-forming probiotics (e.g., Bacillus coagulans, Enterococcus faecium) which support extrusion thermal processing. 
  Postbiotics are by-product metabolites from beneficial bacteria that promote gut and immune health. They also reduce inflammation without needing living organisms.
  Enzymes, such as amylase, protease, and lipase are added to enhance nutrient digestibility, especially in diets with alternative ingredients. However, you should be careful since enzymes are thermolabile and need accurate technology to withstand the thermal process, for example, the extrusion. 
  Organic minerals are more bioavailable than traditional sources (sulfate or oxides); they strengthen metabolism, bone health, dermal health, and the immune system. In this segment, there are different organic sources, depending on the metal-binding element. Beginning with the most advanced technology, these can be bisqueled with HMTBa [(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid]; followed by chelates, essential and non-essential amino acids, complex polysaccharides, or complex propionic acids (according to the AAFCO's classification).
  Vitamins are essential nutrients for pets' health and well-being. Food and vitamin capsules are typically combined in the pet food industry because they protect from heat and oxidation during the extrusion or cooling processes, improving the final product's stability.
  Phytonutrients and/or botanical extracts, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils (e.g., rosemary, turmeric, and oregano) are an alternative due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and natural preservative properties. 
  Specific fatty acids can be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids or omegas. The controlled incorporation of EPA/DHA (omega-3) microalgae as a more sustainable ingredient than fish oil is not surprising. Medium-chain fatty acids are widely used as immediate sources of energy.
  Bioactive peptides are hydrolyzed protein by-products, for example, hydrolyzed collagen with specific functions (immune response modulator, joint health enhancers, cartilage regeneration, and skin elasticity). 
  Functional fermented vegetable foods, such as miso or kefir (adapted for pets), are beneficial as they provide natural digestive enzymes and beneficial microorganisms.
  Adaptogens (e.g., ashwagandha, ginseng, or rhodiola) are natural ingredients that help the body manage stress. Usually, they are used in supplements to reduce anxiety, support the nervous system, and adapt to changes. 
  On the other hand, there is a trend to reduce toxic ingredients in food; in those cases, we must look for innovative alternatives.
  Reduce sodium, sugar, and synthetic additives by replacing artificial colorants with natural pigments (e.g., beta-carotenes, spirulina) or substituting artificial antioxidants with natural products. 
  Referring to precision innovation, we cannot forget about integrating technology, such as apps that recommend diets or provide nutritional follow-up or intelligent vending machines that ration food and compile consumption data. 
  Another innovative area we must follow closely is innovation in formulation and dosing. Microencapsulation technologies are still evolving to enhance the stability of sensitive compounds (vitamins, oils, and probiotics). Some lab tests allow the understanding of certain genetic predispositions and the gut health of our pets. The applied nanotechnology area is being developed, related to the use of nanoparticles that improve the absorption of minerals and antioxidants (even in the experimental or regulatory stage). Finally, data-driven formulation employs AI and nutritional algorithms that adjust the right amount of micro-ingredients according to age, breed, activity or pathologies, sleep, and pet food consumption in real time. 


By MVZ Armando Enriquez de la Fuente Blanquet
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

By Armando Enriquez de la Fuente Blanquet

Formulation From Claim to Credibility: The Case for Research-Backed Pet Food Ingredients

4+ MIN

From Claim to Credibility: The Case for Research-Backed Pet Food Ingredients

The pet food industry is unique in that of all the 602 standard pet food ingredients used today, 44% of them are upcycled, which means that they are derived from animal and plant sources that would not be used in human food. This makes pet food a great source to utilize ingredients that otherwise would be wasted, and reduces the competition between human food and pet food for ingredients that span both categories.
  This becomes increasingly important as currently 9% of the world's population is considered hungry, according to a recent report by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, these upcycled ingredients may not be viewed as premium ingredients by consumers who have decided that descriptions such as 'by-product' are not good for their pets. Many times, these decisions are not based on nutritional research but on messaging from pet food companies. Starches, flours, and functional dietary fibers have been described by many pet food brands as 'fillers,' when there actually is no definitive or regulatory definition for that term. In most cases, these ingredients not only provide nutritional value for pets but also deliver functional benefits that make the pet food easier to actually manufacture.   
  New pet food ingredients and categories have become more popular. The pet food protein category has seen many new entries and continues to see new types of proteins entering the market. Examples of these proteins include cultured meat, insect-based, bacteria- and yeast-based cultures, and upcycled food ingredients. All these new and novel pet food proteins collectively have the potential to help decrease the competition of using animal-based proteins in pet food that could be used in the human food supply. Each one has valid reasons for use, including sustainability, low carbon footprint, as well as delivering needed alternative protein sources for pet food in a competitive landscape. 
  Beyond protein, it is well accepted that Omega-3 fatty acids can help deliver benefits such as skin and coat support, joint health, cognitive health, as well as immune benefits to pets. Most of the Omega-3 fatty acids in pet food, such as EPA and DHA, come from fish oil. As with animal protein ingredients, there is higher competition for fish oil products in human goods when compared to pet food and pet supplement use. Microalgae products have become more prevalent in the pet food world, being described as more sustainable alternatives to fish oil and helping to decrease the reliance on fish oil to deliver the health benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids. 
  Another new trend in the past few years is the promotion of postbiotics. These are inactivated microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, and their components that are released after probiotics are no longer alive, which have many health benefits, including digestive health, immune support, and even oral health benefits for pets. Another claimed benefit is that they do not require live bacteria like probiotics do, which may make them more user-friendly in pet food manufacturing.
  These are all examples of new pet food ingredients and categories. Many of these novel pet food ingredients have the potential to help deliver functional benefits to our pets, as well as contribute to the sustainability of the pet food industry as a whole. However, when it comes to the business of the pet food industry, there is a lot of competition in the ingredient space. Many of these newer ingredients come at a premium price when compared to their traditional ingredient counterparts. This means that even though pet food brands may want to use them in products because of the benefits and claims they provide, they have to be affordable and must deliver value that the pet food company and consumer understand. 
  A good way to determine the value of an ingredient is by looking at the extent of research that has been done by the ingredient company to substantiate the claims they promote. Pet food ingredient companies should be conducting feeding study research to validate the claims they make. In vitro (laboratory) studies are helpful for screening tests. However, to actually demonstrate ingredient value, the pet food ingredient industry should be conducting feeding studies to show health benefits in pets. Long-term feeding studies using new ingredients and measuring health parameters are sorely needed to gain credibility for ingredient companies. 
  Ingredient companies should be working with experts in nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine, such as those at BSM Partners, to design, implement, and interpret clinical research to help substantiate claims and deliver the value that pet food brands and consumers deserve. After all, if ingredient suppliers and pet food brands don't do feeding studies with their products before they hit the market, pet parents' companions become the defacto study subjects and nobody wants that.


By Bradley Ques
Source: BSM Partners

About the Author
Dr. Bradley Quest, DVM, is the Principal Veterinarian at BSM Partners. He has practiced clinical veterinary medicine, developed and tested hundreds of pet food and health products, performs extensive animal health research, and helps navigate pet food ingredient approval for clients.

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