Latest content from Ingredients

Sustainable Omega-3: The Sustainable Future of Companion Animal Nutrition
Functional Additives

4+ MIN

Sustainable Omega-3: The Sustainable Future of Companion Animal Nutrition

Dog and cat nutrition is evolving at an unprecedented rate. Driven by pet humanization and consumers increasingly aware of animal health and well-being, functional ingredients are gaining attention in the global market.

Among the most valuable ingredients are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids—especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—which are renowned for their contribution to cognitive development, cardiovascular health, articular support, and skin and coat maintenance. In addition, EPA has been widely studied because it regulates inflammatory processes—a key aspect for pet health and well-being.

However, the sustained demand for omega-3 presents an important challenge for the entire value chain. While fish oil has traditionally been the primary commercial source of EPA and DHA, its availability directly depends on the population of wild fish, whose supply capacity remains stable while demand continues to grow.
A Growing Demand Versus a Limited Offering     Omega-3 has gained significant interest in many sectors, e.g., human nutrition, aquaculture, and pet nutrition. As a result, the global demand for EPA and DHA is growing more quickly than the available supply.

According to a market report published by GOED, global demand for EPA and DHA continues to increase while traditional sources remain limited. At the same time, much of the marine omega-3 produced worldwide is destined for aquaculture, increasing competition for resources shared across industries.

Data from the FAO and the Marine Ingredients Organisation (IFFO) show that global fish oil production has remained stable over recent decades, reflecting the inherent limitations of a raw material that depends on finite natural resources. For pet food manufacturers, this creates challenges related to raw material availability, price volatility, and supply security.
Beyond Fish: The Original Source of Omega-3
    Fish are often associated with omega-3s; however, they are not the original source.

In marine ecosystems, microalgae actually produce EPA and DHA. From there, these nutrients are transferred through the food chain to other organisms, including fish, which are then used to produce fish oil.

Advancements in biotechnology have enabled direct access to this primary source through the controlled culture of marine microalgae. Thus, it is possible to produce oils rich in EPA and DHA without relying on fishing resources while maintaining high quality and consistency.
  Sustainability as a Requirement for the Future
Sustainability has become one of the main criteria for decision-making among consumers, manufacturers, and retailers.

As regards omega-3, the challenge is not only to reduce the environmental footprint but also to limit future pressure on marine ecosystems. The preservation of marine biodiversity has become an emerging concern for governments, international organizations, and companies in the food chain.

The FAO estimates that billions of fish are captured each year to supply different production chains that rely on marine ingredients. In this context, alternative sources of EPA and DHA offer an opportunity to widen access to these essential nutrients without increasing dependence on limited fishing resources. 

Microalgae-based sources can separate omega-3 demand from marine resource extraction. These controlled, scalable technologies provide an alternative that could help the industry grow in the future without relying on changes in fisheries.

In addition, many Life Cycle Analyses (LCA) have demonstrated that omega-3 derived from microalgae is more beneficial for the environment than conventional sources, reinforcing its potential as a tool to advance toward more sustainable food systems.
Quality, Security, and Consistency for the Pet Food Industry
In addition to environmental benefits, sources of omega-3 derived from microalgae provide relevant advantages for pet food manufacturers.

Production in close, controlled systems improves batch traceability and consistency—aspects that are increasingly valuable for the industry. It also allows for better predictability of supply, independent of climate, geographic, or seasonal factors that can affect the availability of marine raw materials.

Stability during storage and processing is key to preserving the nutritional value of omega-3s and ensuring the expected performance in the final product.
The Future of Omega-3 in Pet Nutrition
The pet food industry faces the challenge of responding to three simultaneous demands: enhancing pet health and well-being, ensuring the security of strategic ingredient supply, and advancing toward more sustainable production models.

In this context, microalgae-sourced omega-3 represents one of the most promising innovations for animal nutrition. By obtaining EPA and DHA from natural sources, these technologies broaden the availability of essential nutrients and preserve marine resources.

The evolution of pet nutrition will not only depend on offering more functional benefits but also on how to obtain them. As demand for omega-3 continues to grow and sustainability becomes an essential condition for the industry's development, microalgae represent a crucial opportunity to broaden EPA and DHA production without compromising the future of oceans. By Natália Alessandra M. Moraes, Technical Expert Pet Food, LATAM - dsm-firmenich
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

References
1.    FAO – The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA). 
2.    IFFO – Marine Ingredients Organisation: Fish Oil and Marine Ingredients Market Data. 
3.    GOED – GOED Exchange 2024: Global EPA & DHA Supply and Demand Analysis. 
4.    Research Institute of Sweden (RISE) – validação independente de estudos de Análise de Ciclo de Vida (LCA) comparando fontes de ômega-3 derivadas de microalgas e fontes convencionais

Hydrolyzed Proteins: What They Are and How They Act in the Management of Food Sensitivities and Chronic Enteropathies
Proteins

6+ MIN

Hydrolyzed Proteins: What They Are and How They Act in the Management of Food Sensitivities and Chronic Enteropathies

From Ingredient Selection to Molecular Bioavailability
In recent years, the quality standards of foods intended for dogs and cats have undergone changes and redefinitions. While for decades, one of the most attractive aspects of commercial diets was the use of premium meats or exotic protein sources, the current focus has shifted toward the nutrients present in each ingredient and their bioavailability within the diet. 
  Advances in animal nutrition studies have encouraged a more precise and effective approach, based on the principle that animals do not require specific ingredients, but rather essential nutrients in adequate amounts. This redefinition in ingredient selection represents a movement toward maximizing nutritional efficiency, with a focus on greater nutrient bioavailability, contributing to the health and well-being of companion animals.
Why Protein Size Matters
The molecular structure of food is important because the immune system interacts with dietary proteins through the recognition of epitopes—mechanisms that are still not fully understood—formed by specific amino acid sequences present on the surface of large polypeptides. In sensitized animals, these proteins may bind to immunoglobulin E present on the surface of mast cells, triggering a cascade of inflammatory mediators that results in the clinical signs of adverse food reactions, such as intense pruritus and gastrointestinal alterations.

For a long time, the strategy used to address this condition was the search for different proteins, derived from novel sources to which animals had not yet been exposed and, therefore, would have a lower probability of previous sensitization. However, ensuring this 'novelty' and the constant risk of cross-contamination make this approach increasingly difficult and less reliable, being effective only in some cases.

Hydrolysis: The 'Molecular Disguise' of Proteins
Advances in animal nutrition have prioritized the so-called 'molecular disguise' of conventional proteins through partial or extensive enzymatic hydrolysis, which essentially is the structural modification of proteins through hydrolysis.

The hydrolysis process promotes the breakdown of intact proteins, generally with molecular weights between 15 and 70 kDa, into small peptides and free amino acids, reducing their molecular weight to values below the threshold of immune recognition. In this way, the antigenic 'target' of immunoglobulins is minimized without significantly altering the nutritional value of food.

For a protein source to be considered hydrolyzed and effective in the management of food allergies, most of its peptides should have a molecular mass below 10 kDa, with the presence of much smaller protein fractions (below 500 Da) being common. Recent characterizations illustrate the precision and efficiency of modern processes, demonstrating that several protein ingredients—from both animal and plant origins—can achieve molecular profiles with a low probability of detection by the immune system.
Hypoallergenic and Anallergenic Diets
This has opened the opportunity for the development of hypoallergenic diets, characterized by being composed of few ingredients and often by a single protein source subjected to partial or total hydrolysis before being included in the formulation. These diets are characterized by adequate digestibility, reduced allergenic potential, and a good amino acid balance, with high bioavailability of essential amino acids.

In addition, there are purified diets, also known as anallergenic diets, in which the protein is supplied with an extremely high degree of hydrolysis, resulting in very small peptides that are practically undetectable by the immune system. Hydrolyzed diets, therefore, offer advantages for patients with deficiencies in protein digestion mechanisms or for those affected by enteropathies responsive to intact dietary proteins.
Chronic Enteropathies and Nutritional Support
Patients with chronic enteropathies present a group of gastrointestinal conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent signs, such as diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, changes in fecal quality, and reduced intestinal absorptive capacity. In these cases, the intestinal mucosa may present prolonged inflammation, alterations in the intestinal barrier, dysbiosis, and compromised villi, which are essential structures for adequate nutrient utilization. These patients often represent a major challenge for their owners and the veterinary team, and their quality of life may be significantly compromised when effective therapeutic strategies are not established.

The advent of diets containing hydrolyzed or extensively hydrolyzed proteins represents a milestone in companion animal nutrition. These formulations are fundamental for the recovery and quality of life of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease or other digestive disorders related to dietary proteins, as they allow the restoration of digestive function, adequate amino acid absorption, and tissue recovery, favoring weight gain, maintenance of muscle mass, and remission of clinical signs.
Clinical Applications and Perspectives
In dogs with food-responsive diarrhea, hydrolyzed diets frequently promote rapid resolution of clinical signs as they are both diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cases of food allergy. In dogs with more complex conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, the use of hydrolyzed proteins is essential to minimize the development of sensitization to new dietary antigens.

The supply of 'pre-digested' peptides helps reduce the antigenic load of the diet while maintaining the animal's nutritional support, and providing the energy required for tissue repair processes. Recent studies have also explored the use of hydrolyzed proteins derived from poultry liver, feathers, viscera, fish, beef, and insects to improve fecal quality and modulate intestinal fermentation in dogs, highlighting the versatility of these protein sources in clinical settings.
Conclusion
The transition from an ingredient-focused approach to one centered on molecular bioavailability defines modern companion animal nutrition. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of disorders affecting dogs and cats deepens, the selection of raw materials will continue to be evaluated based on their effective contribution to metabolic health.

This shift is not limited to the prevention of food allergies but seeks to optimize nutrient utilization by animals. By prioritizing adequate molecular weight, high digestibility, and modulation of the intestinal environment, the industry develops solutions that translate directly into improved quality of life for patients. The true indicator of quality lies in the ability to provide nutrients in a bioavailable, safe, and consistent way, allowing the survival of patients who previously had limitations almost incompatible with life. By Paula K. Velho¹, Gustavo de A. Fusquine¹, Laura S. de Freitas¹, Eduarda B. F. de Oliveira¹, Luciano Trevizan¹
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

¹GENAC – Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição de Animais de Companhia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
  References
FASCETTI, Andrea J. et al. (Ed.). Applied veterinary clinical nutrition. 2012.
MARTELLO, Elisa et al. Liquid Hydrolyzed Fish Protein (Anchovy) in the Canine Diet: A Focus on Gut Fermentation and Fecal Quality. Veterinary Sciences, v. 12, n. 8, p. 779, 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ vetsci12080779.
MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ, Lina María et al. Effect of sequentially fed high protein, hydrolyzed protein, and high fiber diets on the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs: a cross-over study. Animal microbiome, v. 3, n. 1, p. 42, 2021. DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00101-8.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Hydrolyzed chicken liver used as single source of animal protein in diet and its effect on cytokines, immunoglobulins, and fecal microbiota profile of adult dogs. PLoS One, v. 17, n. 7, sk, 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271932.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Characterisation of spray dried hydrolysed chicken liver powder: effects on palatability and digestibility when included as single source of animal protein in dog diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, v. 20, n. 1, p. 2086-2094, 2021. DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2021.1993091.
PINTO, Caroline FD et al. Effects of hydrolyzed chicken liver on digestibility, fecal and urinary characteristics, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs. Journal of Animal Science, v. 101, p. 1-12, 2023. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad366.
PINTO, Caroline Fredrich Dourado et al. Effects of diets based on hydrolyzed chicken liver and different protein concentrations on the formation and deamination of biogenic amines and total antioxidant capacity of dogs. Animals, v. 13, n. 16, p. 2578, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/ani13162578
SEZEROTTO, Pamela Prestes et al. Hydrolyzed chicken liver and increasing crude protein levels on palatability, digestibility, and intestinal fermentation products of cats. Journal of Animal Science, v. 103, skaf173, 2025. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf173.
 

Innovative Functional Protein Solutions for the Next Generation of Dry and Wet Pet Food
Proteins

4+ MIN

Innovative Functional Protein Solutions for the Next Generation of Dry and Wet Pet Food

In addition to being a high-quality protein source, plasma provides highly relevant technological properties for industrial processing. In wet pet food applications, for example, it acts as an excellent binder, emulsifier, and gelling agent, directly contributing to texture, stability, and final product appearance. The pet food industry has used plasma in wet formulations for more than 30 years because of its ability to improve water retention, increase chunk consistency, create improved texture, richer gravies, and provide greater juiciness and cohesion to the food. 

The studies demonstrate that plasma inclusion significantly improves hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and structural integrity in wet pet food chunks. In fish and salmon applications, for example, a linear increase in hardness and consistency was observed as plasma inclusion levels increased, along with better gravy absorption and greater formulation stability. Compared to traditional ingredients such as wheat gluten, egg albumin, carrageenan, and soy protein concentrate, plasma showed an excellent balance between gel strength, emulsification, and water retention. 

Another important aspect is that technological benefits go hand in hand with nutritional improvements. Digestibility studies in cats demonstrated significant improvements in protein, fat, mineral, and energy digestion in diets containing plasma, along with increased palatability. In comparative trials, foods containing plasma were preferred over formulations using wheat gluten and other protein sources, reinforcing plasma's contribution to feed acceptance and the sensory experience for pets. 

In dry pet food, plasma also delivers significant results. Its application in kibble, treats, toppers, snacks, and supplements improves both processing quality and the functional benefits of the final product. During extrusion, plasma contributes to greater kibble durability, reduced fines, improved physical structure, and greater stability in formulas containing high levels of fresh meat. The studies showed that inclusion levels between 2.5% and 5% allowed manufacturers to formulate with higher meat content while maintaining excellent kibble durability and starch gelatinization. 

In addition, plasma offers high solubility and easy incorporation into different formulations, allowing partial replacement of ingredients such as gluten, egg albumin, and gums, providing both economic and technological advantages. In dry dog food, studies also demonstrated improvements in dry matter and protein digestibility, along with a 10–20% reduction in fecal output, indicating better nutrient utilization and improved stool quality. 

Palatability is another major highlight. In comparative studies against spray-dried liver, plasma-containing diets showed a higher consumption ratio in cats when included in extruded formulations. These results indicate that plasma can serve as a highly palatable functional alternative to enhance palatability which may allow alterations in the use of traditional palatants. 

However, plasma benefits extend beyond nutrition and processing. The ingredient contains bioactive functional proteins capable of positively modulating immune and inflammatory responses. Several studies have demonstrated that plasma helps maintain intestinal integrity, reduces mucosal permeability, and contributes to immune balance. Reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, along with increases in IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, were observed. These findings indicate improved intestinal barrier function and systemic digestive health support. 

Within this context, new studies related to the intestinal microbiome further reinforce plasma's position as a high-value functional ingredient. In adult dogs fed with extruded diets containing plasma, researchers observed a linear increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, important markers of beneficial fermentation and positive intestinal microbiota activity. Increases in beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Catenibacterium, were also observed, along with reductions in metabolites associated with undesirable protein fermentation, indicating a healthier intestinal environment. 

Another relevant finding was the increase in fecal IgA, suggesting improved intestinal immune homeostasis and stronger mucosal immunity. The study concluded that plasma promotes consistent, inclusion-dependent positive responses, contributing to intestinal health, microbiome modulation, and improved protein metabolism efficiency. 

Recent studies have also expanded the potential application of plasma for joint health and mobility formulations targeting senior dogs. In dogs with osteoarthritis fed diets containing 4% plasma, significant improvements in mobility and reductions in lameness scores were observed after 42 days. In addition, plasma reduced inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and increased IL-10, demonstrating a positive effect on the inflammatory response associated with osteoarthritis. 

Supplemented animals also demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity, evidenced by increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, as well as lower levels of MMP-2 and MMP-13, enzymes associated with articular cartilage degradation. At the same time, protein digestibility improved without negatively affecting feed intake or fecal scores. These results demonstrate that plasma can serve as a strategic functional ingredient in senior dog diets, contributing to mobility, joint health, inflammatory control, and antioxidant support. 

Another important ingredient is the spray-dried red blood cells in pet food. Spray-dried red blood cells emerge as a functional solution that combines natural coloration and highly digestible protein in a single ingredient. Their main application is related to creating a natural meat-like color in dry and wet pet foods, helping reduce or eliminate artificial colorants while delivering a more natural and premium appearance to formulations. 

In dry pet food, color intensity progressively increases according to inclusion level, providing kibble with a more meat-like appearance. In pâté-like wet pet food, red blood cells intensify the natural meat appearance and enhance the visual authenticity of the final product. Beyond visual appeal, the ingredient also provides highly digestible protein and an excellent amino acid profile, including high levels of lysine, leucine, and valine. 

Overall, both spray-dried plasma and spray-dried red blood cells represent a new generation of functional ingredients for pet food, capable of combining processing technology, nutritional value, intestinal health, systemic functionality, and premium appeal into a single component. The studies presented reinforce that these ingredients offer complete solutions for the industry, meeting current demands for more functional, natural, efficient formulations aligned with trends in animal health and wellness. By Dr. Joy Campbell, Senior Director of Global Pet Food Technical Services, APC
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

The Most Underrated Tool In Pet Nutrition
Minerals

2+ MIN

The Most Underrated Tool In Pet Nutrition

Trace minerals are involved in most health outcomes nutritionists aim to influence and pet parents care deeply about: immune resilience, skin and coat health, antioxidant defense, mobility, cellular function, vitality and whole-body health.

They're not acting in isolation. They work behind the scenes, supporting the biological systems that help every other nutritional strategy perform effectively.

For today's pet food brands, every ingredient must justify its place in the diet — not only the high-inclusion ingredients, the ones with easy consumer stories or the ones that look innovative on paper. Every ingredient. That is where I see an opportunity.

Innovation is not always what comes next, it is expecting more from what is already there.

Because trace minerals are foundational, they can become familiar and often treated as 'already solved', receiving less strategic evaluation than newer or more visible ingredients.

Mineral programs can remain unchanged for years. Familiarity creates comfort. Comfort creates confidence.

Yet, source, structure and delivery influence how effectively a trace mineral supports animal health. When those components are optimized, a mineral moves from simply meeting a requirement to supporting broader formula performance and pets' wellbeing. 

That distinction matters. 

At Zinpro Corporation, we've spent more than five decades studying trace minerals across species, generating research behind our performance minerals. One lesson continues to stand out: biology is remarkably consistent. Cells still require nutrients to function. Tissues still need support to repair and respond. 

In livestock, performance is evaluated through productivity, efficiency, disease resistance, and profitability. In pets, focus shifts to quality of life, longevity, overall well-being and human-animal bond. Outcomes measured may look different, but the underlying mechanisms don't change. 

It is time to start expecting more from what is already there and stop leaving opportunity on the table — for brands, for formulas and for the pets counting on us.  By Allison Millican, PhD
Source: Zinpro Corporation

Sinergia and the Role of Probiotics in Supporting Digestive Health in Pets
Functional Additives

5+ MIN

Sinergia and the Role of Probiotics in Supporting Digestive Health in Pets

After years of focusing solely on basic requirements, advancements in microbiology and functional nutrition have positioned intestinal health as a key pillar for animal well-being. Microbiota research has evolved beyond basic science and is now driving the development of value-added pet foods.

Today, pet food manufacturers, veterinarians, and pet owners recognize that the balance in the intestinal microbiota directly impacts digestion, nutrient use, immune response, and pets' quality of life. Thus, there is a transformation in food formulation and the development of functional ingredients.  
Why is Microbiota Now a Key Factor in Pet Food?
The intestinal microbiota is composed of billions of microorganisms that interact continuously with the host. Far away from having a passive role, they participate in crucial digestive, metabolic, and immune functions.

A balanced microbiota is now known for its contributions to the integrity of the intestinal barrier, improved nutrient utilization, and the maintenance of physiological mechanisms associated with overall health. In other words, alterations in the microbiota's composition can negatively impact pets' well-being and digestive function.
What is the Role of Probiotics Within This Nutritional Approach?
Probiotics are among the most relevant tools for supporting microbiota balance. Their function goes beyond incorporating live microorganisms into food: they create favorable conditions for the intestinal ecosystem and contribute to overall animal well-being.

Current research focuses on understanding which microorganisms are incorporated, the metabolites they produce, and their interactions with the resident microbiota. This different approach is becoming a key component in modern functional nutrition.

For manufacturers, this shift represents a concrete opportunity to develop science-based foods with differentiated characteristics that align with the increasing demand for products oriented toward digestive well-being and integral health.
What Characteristics Must a Probiotic Have to Provide Real Benefits in Pets?
 
Not all probiotics are equally functional. Efficacy depends on many factors, including strain selection, stability during production, and the ability to reach the gastrointestinal tract.
  In pet food, the primary technological challenge is ensuring microbial viability under severe conditions during extrusion and drying. This is why spore-forming microorganisms represent a major technological breakthrough. Endospores act as a natural protector against high temperatures, mechanical stress (pressure and shearing), and long periods of storage (shelf-life)—ensuring that the Colony-Forming Units (CFU) declared on the packaging remain viable until they reach the pet's bowl.    'Sinergia by Adinnova is a solution developed to support the new generation of functional food oriented to the digestive well-being of dogs and cats'   In addition, strain selection must consider individual benefits, metabolite generation, and the interactions within the intestinal ecosystem.   How Was Sinergia Developed and What Market Needs Does It Address?
At Adinnova, we noticed a clear evolution in the pet food market's needs. Manufacturers look for solutions that differentiate their products through real functional benefits, supported by scientific evidence and compatible with modern industrial processes.

From our experience in applied microbiology and the development of biotechnological solutions for animal nutrition, we identified the need to address intestinal health from a broad perspective, considering not only microorganisms but also functional metabolites that participate in microbiota balance.

Sinergia by Adinnova was created under this vision—it is a solution designed to support the new generation of functional foods oriented toward the digestive well-being of dogs and cats.
Why is Sinergia Different from Other Available Solutions?
The main characteristic of Sinergia is its symbiotic ecosystem design. It is not formulated simply by different microorganisms but also a strategic consortium selected by its complementary mechanisms of action:
  Bacillus consortium (thermostability and digestibility): It is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus coagulans. In addition to their resistance to extrusion, these strains act as bio-factories in the intestine, producing extracellular enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) that maximize nutrient utilization. B. coagulans also contributes to lactic acid production, which is fundamental to the modulation of intestinal pH and competitive control of pathogens.   'More than an additive, Sinergia by Adinnova is a driver of functional metabolites designed to impact systemic health from the gastrointestinal tract'   Clostridium butyricum (intestinal barrier integrity): It stands out for being the primary producer of butyric acid. This short-chain fatty acid is the main source of energy for colonocytes; thus, it is essential for maintaining the epithelia's tight junctions, preventing leaky gut syndrome, and modulating local inflammatory responses.
  Saccharomyces cerevisiae (probiotic immune modulation): As a live, biologically active probiotic yeast, it provides a differentiated cellular approach compared to bacteria in the formula. It promotes the digestive ecosystem's balance and stability, while its components within the cell wall—rich in glucans and mannooligosaccharides (MOS)—actively intercept pathogens by stimulating the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.
  More than an additive, Sinergia by Adinnova is a driver of functional metabolites designed to impact systemic health from the gastrointestinal tract.   What Benefits Does Sinergia Offer to Food Manufacturers and to the Pets That Consume Those Products?

For manufacturers, Sinergia is an innovative tool grounded in applied microbiology, enabling the development of valuable solutions aligned with global trends in functional nutrition and intestinal health.
  On the other hand, the goal is to support the balance of the microbiota in dogs and cats through microorganisms and functional metabolites that help maintain favorable conditions for digestive health and welfare.   The Future of Functional Nutrition  
A deeper understanding of the gut microbiota is shaping the future of pet nutrition. Nutritional solutions are evolving from conventional formulations toward comprehensive strategies that harness the interactions among microorganisms, functional metabolites, and the host.
  At Adinnova, we believe that the future of pet food will increasingly depend on a deep understanding of microbial ecosystems and the ability to translate knowledge into innovative solutions for the industry. By Gonzalo Vicente MEng, R&D Director at Adinnova
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

About Adinnova
Adinnova is an Argentine company, present in international markets, dedicated to the development of natural additives for animal nutrition. Each bio-solution integrates science and innovation applied to wellbeing and productivity.
More information on our website: adinnova.com.ar


Vegetable Origin

Vegetable Origin Plant-Based Phosphatidylcholine: A Natural Alternative to Choline Chloride in Dog and Cat Food

6+ MIN

Plant-Based Phosphatidylcholine: A Natural Alternative to Choline Chloride in Dog and Cat Food

Plant-Based Sources: A Growing Alternative
Despite its nutritional effectiveness, choline chloride presents several technological limitations. It is a highly hygroscopic compound that promotes the degradation of water-soluble vitamins in premixes, as increased free moisture enhances its reactive potential (FARINA et al., 2017). Its use may also contribute to caking, compromising mix homogeneity and potentially leading to nutrient losses (LISBOA et al., 2014).

In response to these challenges, plant-based sources of choline have attracted growing interest in canine and feline nutrition. Phosphatidylcholine is the primary form of choline found in plant-derived raw materials (National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, 2008) and has emerged as a potential alternative to choline chloride in dog and cat food formulations.
Phosphatidylcholine: Differences in Absorption and Metabolism
Beyond its technological advantages, the chemical form of choline may influence its absorption and utilization. When consumed in its free form or as a salt, such as choline chloride, its utilization may be limited since approximately two-thirds of ingested choline can be converted into trimethylamine by the intestinal microbiota before it is absorbed, potentially reducing its biological availability (LEESON; SUMMERS, 2001; COMBS JR., 2008; RUTZ, 2008).

Phosphatidylcholine, however, behaves differently in the gastrointestinal tract. Although it undergoes partial digestion by digestive enzymes, part of the molecule can also be absorbed without alteration, reducing its exposure to microbial metabolism in the intestine (COMBS JR., 2008). This characteristic may improve the body's utilization of choline, making plant-based choline sources an attractive alternative for supplementation.

In recent years, several studies have investigated the feasibility and safety of replacing choline chloride with plant-based choline sources in canine nutrition.
Scientific Evidence in Dogs: Safety and Effectiveness of Replacement
Nascimento (2020) evaluated healthy adult dogs fed with diets containing either 0.28% choline chloride or 0.14% plant-based choline. The results showed that replacing choline chloride did not affect nutrient digestibility, palatability, or fecal characteristics. In addition, dogs receiving the plant-based choline source exhibited lower serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as lower liver enzyme markers, suggesting additional benefits for lipid metabolism and liver health.
  Mendoza-Martínez et al. (2021) also investigated whether dietary supplementation with choline derived from herbal sources, including Azadirachta indica—a plant known for its bitter taste—could interfere with diet palatability. Results demonstrated that including up to 400 mg/kg of plant-based choline did not affect food preference, nutrient digestibility, or fecal quality in dogs.

The same research group later demonstrated that supplementing diets with phosphatidylcholine (1.6%) and other methylated metabolites can completely replace choline chloride in dog diets (Mendoza-Martínez et al., 2022). The researchers adopted the conversion ratio proposed by Mallo and Paolella (2017), which states that one unit of plant-based choline can replace approximately five units of choline chloride.

More recently, FINARDI et al. (2026) evaluated the effects of the complete replacement of choline chloride with plant-based choline (CHOLMAX) in healthy adult dogs. The study compared a control diet containing choline chloride with two plant-based choline diets at different inclusion levels. The results showed that replacing choline chloride did not affect nutrient digestibility or diet palatability. Likewise, no changes were observed in intestinal fermentation metabolites or fecal microbiota diversity indices. However, intestinal microbial composition varied among diets, with changes observed at the phylum, family, and genus levels, particularly among Firmicutes, a group associated with fatty acid production and intestinal health. The authors concluded that plant-based choline is a safe and promising alternative for use in dog food.
New Perspectives for Feline Nutrition and the Pet Food Industry
In a pioneering study involving healthy adult cats, Juárez (unpublished data, 2026) evaluated three experimental diets: a control diet containing choline chloride, a diet in which choline chloride was completely replaced by plant-based choline (CHOLMAX), and a third diet containing 50% more plant-based choline (CHOLMAX) than the replacement diet. Preliminary results showed no differences in nutrient digestibility, diet palatability, or intestinal fermentation metabolites. 

On the other hand, changes were observed in the composition of the intestinal microbiota among treatments, including shifts in bacterial phyla, families, and genera. Among the findings, a reduction in the genus Helicobacter was observed in the groups receiving plant-based choline. According to Cesar (2024), certain species within this genus have been associated with inflammatory processes in the feline gastrointestinal tract. Although additional research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, these findings suggest that plant-based choline may have a beneficial effect on maintaining intestinal microbiota balance in cats.

Plant-based choline therefore represents an attractive alternative for the pet food industry, combining technological and nutritional advantages. In addition to minimizing the technological challenges associated with choline chloride, plant-derived sources have demonstrated the potential to maintain nutritional performance while supporting animal health.

As demand continues to grow for naturally sourced ingredients and technologies that add value to pet food formulations, plant-based choline is emerging as a promising solution for the industry, combining technological, nutritional, and potentially functional benefits for dog and cat food. By Erika Stasieniuk and Hebert Silveira
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

About the authors
**Erika Stasieniuk is a zootechnician with a doctorate in canine and feline nutrition from UFMG. Holding more than 16 years of experience in dog and cat nutrition, she works in Research and Development, food formulation, premixes and nuclei. She is the founder of SFA Consultoria and works as technical consultant in the development of pet food and ingredients. Contact: erika_stasieniuk@sfa-consultoria.com | Instagram: @erikastasieniuk

***Hebert Silveira is agronomist with a doctorate in Animal Nutrition from Universidad de Lavras (UFLA). He is Technical Director at Natural BR Feed. Contact hebertsilveira@naturalbrfeed.com.br
References
 BERTECHINI, A. G. Nutrición de los monogástricos. 2. ed. Lavras: Editora UFLA, 2013.
CESAR, C. G. L. Efectos de la inclusión de harina de insectos en la comida seca completa sobre variables de procesamiento, digestibilidad, palatabilidad, productos de la fermentación fecal y microbiota de gatos adultos. Tesis (Máster en Nutrición y Producción Animal) – Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Ciencias Animales, Universidad de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2024.
COMBS JR., G. F. Las vitaminas: aspectos fundamentales en nutrición y salud. 3ª ed. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press, 2008.
FARINA, G.; KESSLER, A. M.; MAIORKA, A.; ROCHA, C. S. S.; VASCONCELLOS, R. S. Aspectos tecnológicos del uso del cloruro de colina en premezclas vitamínicas. En: SIMPOSIO SOBRE NUTRICIÓN DE PERROS Y GATOS, 2017.
FERREIRA, W. M.; NETO, A. F. G. Nutrición animal: temas avanzados. Belo Horizonte: FEPMVZ Editora, 2003.
FINARDI, G. L. F.; MARCHI, P. H.; SOUZA, J. M.; DIAS, L. S.; STASIENIUK, E. V. Z.; SILVEIRA, H.; BALIEIRO, J. C. C.; VENDRAMINI, T. H. A. Efectos de la inclusión de colina de origen vegetal sobre variables digestivas, hepáticas, lípidas, fermentativas, microbiota fecal y palatabilidad en perros adultos. En: CONGRESSO CBNA PET, 25 de 2026, São Paulo. Anales... São Paulo: CBNA, 2026.
JUÁREZ, L. Efectos de la inclusión de colina de origen vegetal sobre las variables digestivas, hepáticas, lipídicas y fermentativas, la microbiota fecal y sérica y la palatabilidad de gatos adultos. Tesis (Máster en Nutrición y Producción Animal) – Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Ciencias Animales, Universidad de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2026. Datos no publicados.
LEESON, S.; SUMMERS, J. D. Nutrición del pollo por parte de Scott. 4. ed. Guelph: University Books, 2001.
LISBOA, M. M.; ALBINO, L. F. T.; ROSTAGNO, H. S. Aspectos tecnológicos relacionados con el uso de cloruro de colina en premezclas vitamínicas. Revista Eletrônica Nutritime, v. 11, n. 4, p. 3607-3615, 2014.
MALLO, JUEZ JUEZ; PAOLELLA, M. Suplementación con colina en la nutrición de mascotas: fuentes herbales como alternativa al cloruro de colina. En: PETFOOD FORUM, 2017.
MENDOZA-MARTÍNEZ, G. D.; HERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, C. A.; MARTÍNEZ-AYALA, A. L.; y demás. Efecto de la inclusión de fosfatidilcolina herbal en la palatabilidad, digestibilidad y energía metabolizable de la dieta en perros. Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences, vol. 53, p. 161-167, 2021.
MENDOZA-MARTÍNEZ, G. D. et al. Colina herbal como sustituto del cloruro de colina en los alimentos para perros: efectos sobre la digestibilidad, los rasgos fecales y la palatabilidad. Animales, v. 12, n. 9, 2022.
NASCIMENTO, R. C. Evaluación de una fuente herbal de colina como alternativa al cloruro de colina en la dieta de perros. Tesis doctoral (Máster en Ciencias Animales) – Universidad Federal de Paraná, Curitiba, 2020.
DEPARTAMENTO DE AGRICULTURA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS (USDA). Base de Datos Nacional de Nutrientes para Referencia Estándar. Lanzamiento 21. Beltsville, 2008.
RUTZ, F. La colina y sus metabolitos en la nutrición animal. En: SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL DE ACAV SOBRE NUTRICIÓN, 2008.

By Erika Stasieniuk

Vegetable Origin Pet Nutrition Mythbusters: Carbohydrate and Plant-Based Ingredients Edition
 

5+ MIN

Pet Nutrition Mythbusters: Carbohydrate and Plant-Based Ingredients Edition  

From marketing trends to ingredient misconceptions, conversations about carbohydrates are often shaped by oversimplified narratives rather than the nutritional role these ingredients play.
  No minimum dietary requirement for carbohydrate has been established for adult dogs or cats. However, they can provide valuable nutritional and functional benefits when appropriately incorporated into a formulation.
  This article addresses some of the most common carbohydrate-related misconceptions and controversies influencing product development, marketing strategies, and consumer perception today.   Myth #1: Corn, Wheat, and Soy Are Bad for My Pet
Corn, wheat, and soy are frequently viewed as low-quality ingredients or 'fillers' in pet food. In reality, these ingredients can be highly digestible sources of nutrients that can contribute to the overall balanced nutrition of a formula.
  Concerns about corn, wheat, and soy often stem from the perception that they commonly cause food allergies in pets. However, true food allergies are relatively uncommon in dogs and cats, making allergies to these specific ingredients even rarer. These ingredients contribute important nutrients, including carbohydrates, fiber, essential fatty acids, and B vitamins, to complete and balanced diets.
  Ingredient quality should be evaluated based on nutrient contribution, digestibility, sourcing, and formulation context—not whether an ingredient is familiar or frequently discussed online.   Myth #2: Brown Rice Is Always Better Than White Rice
Brown rice is often perceived as a superior carbohydrate source because it is less processed and contains more fiber. Neither brown nor white rice is inherently superior. especially in every formulation; their suitability depends on the desired nutrient profile, processing characteristics, digestibility, and intended animal population.
  Both brown and white rice can be highly digestible carbohydrate sources commonly used in pet diets. Brown rice is rich in fiber, which can help a pet feel fuller, but also contains higher levels of phytic acid, which can bind minerals and reduce their bioavailability. However, this can be reduced when cooked appropriately, making it safe for humans and pets to consume. On the other hand, white rice has lower fiber content and can be digested quickly, which can be helpful for pets with sensitive stomach issues, but may also leave pets feeling hungry shortly after eating.
  These considerations highlight why carbohydrate sources should be evaluated based on the needs of the formulation and the pet, rather than being vilified or favored based on a single characteristic.   Myth #3: Legumes and Pulses Are Harmful Ingredients in Pet Food
Legumes and pulses have received significant attention because of concerns about grain-free diets and diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. However, current evidence does not demonstrate a causality that legumes and/or pulses themselves cause DCM in dogs.
  Legumes, such as peas and lentils, provide digestible protein and contribute essential nutrients when included in complete and balanced diets. In addition to protein, legumes and pulses are sources of soluble and fermentable fibers that support digestive health by providing substrates for beneficial gut bacteria.
  As with any ingredient, the entire diet matrix and processing method must be considered to create nutritionally balanced meals for pets.   Myth #4: Potatoes, Tapioca, Cellulose, Brewer's Rice, and Beet Pulp Are Just 'Fillers'
While there is no legal definition, the term 'filler' is sometimes used to describe ingredients perceived to have no nutritional value. However, 'filler' has morphed to encompass carbohydrates, fibers, and starch ingredients, which is a large group of ingredients that indeed do provide nutritional value to a formula.
  Potatoes, tapioca, and brewer's rice an provide highly digestible carbohydrates and energy, while also contributing to the texture and structure of pet foods during processing. Functional fibers such as cellulose and beet pulp can contribute to stool quality and support gastrointestinal function.
  The role of an ingredient should therefore be considered in the context of the overall formulation. Despite being grouped into a non-regulated category that is synonymous with no nutritional value, carbohydrates, fibers, and even starches provide nutritional and functional value to each formula.   Myth #5: Pumpkin Is the Best Fiber Source for Digestive Health
Pumpkin has become a popular recommendation for digestive issues, often viewed as a universal solution for stool quality concerns. While pumpkin can provide dietary fiber, there is no single fiber source that is universally 'best' for every pet or digestive concern.
  Pumpkin contains both soluble and insoluble fibers. Insoluble fiber contributes bulk to stool, while soluble fiber helps regulate water movement within the digestive tract. However, pumpkin has a high moisture content, so more is needed to get the same amount of fiber as from more fiber-dense ingredients. Canned pumpkin is approximately 90% moisture, which reduces its fiber density. Additionally, pumpkin's fiber content can vary based on multiple factors such as plant variety, climate, and growing conditions.
  Different fiber sources have distinctive characteristics, including their ability to influence stool bulk and water balance. Therefore, the appropriate fiber source and amount depend on the individual animal and the specific nutritional or physiological needs.
  Furthermore, adding in extra calories can put a pet at unintended weight gain and can unbalance the diet. Pets experiencing persistent diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, pain, or other gastrointestinal signs should be evaluated by a veterinarian rather than managed through a generalized recommendation to add pumpkin.   What Matters Most in Pet Nutrition
Amid these carbohydrate misconceptions, several principles consistently define effective pet food formulation:
  Complete and balanced nutrition: Providing essential nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, while appropriately balancing dietary components such as carbohydrates, fiber, and energy density.
  Ingredient functionality and digestibility: Selecting ingredients based on their nutritional contribution, bioavailability, and role within the overall formulation.
  Ingredient interactions and formulation: Considering how ingredients work together within a diet matrix, as the nutritional and functional effects of an individual ingredient can depend on its inclusion level, interactions with other ingredients, and the overall formulation.
  Processing and manufacturing: Considering how processing methods affect ingredient functionality, nutrient availability, digestibility, texture, and the characteristics of the finished product.
  Science-backed nutrition: Evaluating ingredients and formulation decisions based on research and nutritional requirements rather than marketing trends or consumer perceptions.
  At BSM Partners, we help brands navigate nutrition misconceptions and develop science-based formulations. By translating nutritional research into practical formulation strategies, our team creates products that are both scientifically supported and aligned with evolving consumer expectations. Source: BSM Partners


Palatants

Palatants  How Does Flavor Migration Shape Palatability in Wet Pet Food?
 

2+ MIN

 How Does Flavor Migration Shape Palatability in Wet Pet Food?  

In multi-matrix formats such as chunks-in-gravy (CIG), a palatant may be added to either the chunks or the gravy to enhance its taste. However, the effect often extends beyond the targeted matrix, influencing the overall flavor profile.   Understanding flavor distribution   To better understand how palatants influence flavor perception, six wet pet food palatants were evaluated in a chunks-in-gravy (CIG) cat food model, generating six recipes that differed only in the palatant used. Each of the palatants was included at equal levels and applied only to the gravy portion of the recipes.
  Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to compare the chunks, gravy, and complete CIG products before retort. Since the chunk formulation remained unchanged across all recipes, the chunk samples were compositionally very similar, as expected. The gravies, however, each contained a different palatant and therefore exhibited clear compositional differences. Analysis of the complete CIG products showed an intermediate profile, reflecting the contribution of both matrices.
  Following retort, flavour profiles of the gravy, chunks, and complete product were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Feeding trials were then used to classify the palatants according to palatability performance. OPLS-DA* analysis showed that samples were grouped according to palatability performance rather than by matrix. In other words, the characteristic flavour profiles associated with high-performing palatants were present in both the gravy and the chunks, despite the palatants being added only to the gravy. This provides strong evidence that volatile flavour compounds migrate between matrices during processing and/or storage.   Designing palatability beyond the gravy   Although flavor migration between gravy and chunks occurs, the point of addition remains critical. Palatants can influence gel stability, chunk texture, and product appearance, meaning their placement has functional as well as sensory implications. A deliberate evaluation of matrix interactions and processing conditions is therefore essential to preserve product structure while optimizing overall palatability. Source: AFB International
  *An OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares–Discriminant Analysis) score plot is a statistical visualization used to compare complex chemical profiles (volatile and semi-volatile compounds) between predefined groups (high- and lower palatability).

Functional Additives The Role of Yeast in Building Flavors for Pets

4+ MIN

The Role of Yeast in Building Flavors for Pets

The Benefits of Yeast
With advances in biotechnology, it is possible to produce safe, sustainable, and high-quality ingredients from yeast, which also stand out as protein alternatives in response to increasing global demand. In addition, they meet trends such as plant-based, natural, and sustainable products.

The effectiveness of these ingredients depends directly on the production process, from strain selection to fermentation conditions. In this context, Biorigin uses fermentation technology based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae to develop solutions that ensure quality, functionality, and consistency for the pet food industry.
What Is Palatability in Pet Nutrition
As with humans, the enjoyment of food plays an important role in animal feeding, ensuring they consume the necessary amount of nutrients.

The palatability of a food involves a combination of factors, including texture, shape, odor, taste, and mouthfeel. It plays a key role in enhancing the flavor of foods intended for special diets, balancing nutrient composition and essential vitamins while maintaining an appealing taste for animals.

In other words, palatability is related to how appetizing and desirable a food is. After all, dogs and cats have their own preferences and may reject foods that do not meet their individual tastes.     Therefore, the proper selection of ingredients and flavor enhancers in pet food production plays an essential role in brand differentiation in the market, increasing the likelihood of acceptance by animals and, consequently, the product's success.
The Role of Yeast Extract in Palatability
Among the natural flavor enhancers used in pet food, yeast extracts stand out for their ability to enhance the taste of dogs and cats. Their inclusion in formulations helps make foods more attractive, especially by enhancing umami flavor, the fifth basic taste associated with a 'savory' perception. In addition, these ingredients promote the use of specific amino acids and contribute flavor notes that combine sweet and salty nuances.

Obtained from the soluble intracellular content of yeast, yeast extracts are functional ingredients rich in peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, and B-complex vitamins. They offer high digestibility, low allergenicity, and great versatility of application, and can be incorporated directly into formulations or used in coatings together with palatants across different product categories, from dry extruded diets to nutraceutical solutions.

In the human food industry, these extracts are widely recognized for their ability to enhance flavor and mask undesirable notes, such as bitterness or metallic aftertastes. The same principle applies to pet nutrition, helping improve the sensory profile of foods, enhance the natural characteristics of ingredients, and soften undesirable flavors associated with functional or therapeutic components. From a sensory standpoint, they are particularly effective in enhancing umami, delivering fuller-bodied, meaty notes with greater persistence.

This aspect is essential in pet nutrition, as palatability directly influences nutrient intake and product acceptance. Among the mechanisms responsible for this effect, the synergistic interaction between free amino acids and nucleotides stands out. While glutamate alone provides a milder umami perception, its combination with nucleotides significantly intensifies the taste response, thereby increasing food attractiveness.

Biorigin's research shows that dogs and cats prefer foods with yeast extract over those without. The relative consumption rate for dogs was 4:1 (test diet vs. control diet; Figure 1), and for cats, 2:1 (Figure 2), demonstrating the ingredient's effectiveness in improving food acceptance.

These ingredients provide pet food with meaty notes without adding meat to the formulation. Their use as flavor enhancers is due to the profile of free amino acids, which intensifies and prolongs flavor in the mouth, delivering a strong umami note.   Figure 1. PalaUp was added to a premium dog food and evaluated in a two-bowl test. The results indicated a higher relative consumption of the diet containing PalaUp compared to the control diet.   Figure 2. PalaUp was added to a premium cat food and evaluated in a two-bowl test. The results indicated a higher relative consumption of the diet containing PalaUp compared to the control diet.
Palatability is an essential factor in the development of pet foods. However, bioactive and nutraceutical compounds should not be overlooked. Yeast-based ingredients can be incorporated into formulations to promote intestinal health and help animals cope with everyday challenges through their functional carbohydrates.
Food Experience and Emotional Connection
The diversity of flavors, textures, and formats makes pet feeding more attractive and functional, contributing to pleasure, training, bonding, and nutritional supplementation. This movement reflects the growing humanization of pets, with pet owners seeking quality, taste, and benefits in food products. Thus, products such as snacks, toppers, and wet foods go beyond nutrition, also serving as a way of care, affection, and connection between humans and pets.

Data show that 76% of North Americans who buy treats for pets say these products strengthen the bond with their animals¹, while 50% of Brazilian pet owners show interest in treats that entertain their pets².

The pet nutrition market has explored several trends to help pet owners keep their animals entertained, active, and well-behaved without compromising nutritional quality. Palatability remains a key factor in food choice: for 37% of North American dog and cat owners, their pet's preferred taste is the main purchase criterion³.

In addition to taste, health is an essential aspect in the development of pet snacks. Therefore, it is crucial that formulations combine high-quality ingredients with excellent palatability. The food must appeal not only to the pet's taste but also to the owner's visual and olfactory perception, as they seek healthy, tasty, and visually attractive options, reinforcing care and the emotional bond with their pets. By Thaila Putarov, Global Business Manager for Animal Nutrition & Health at Biorigin
Source: All Pet Food Magazine

References
¹ Mintel - A year of innovation in pet food and products – 2024
² Mintel - Pet Food – Brazil – 2025
³ Mintel - Pet Food – US – 2025 

Advertising

260x430 260x430 260x430